Standard 923 - Vision-Based Detect and Avoid - Canadian Aviation Regulations (CARs)

This standard applies to operations with a remotely piloted aircraft system without a declaration having been made in respect of the technical requirements set out in section 922.10 of Standard 922. If a visual observer maintains unaided visual contact with the airspace in which the remotely piloted aircraft is operating in a manner sufficient to detect conflicting air traffic and other hazards and take action to avoid them and the operation follows the requirements below:

  • The distance from the RPA to the pilot and control station must be no greater than 4 nm.
  • The distance from the RPA to nearest visual observer performing vision-based DAA must be no greater than 2 nm.
  • The weather conditions in the operational volume at the time of flight must meet the following condition:
    • ground visibility must be greater than or equal to three miles;
    • a cloud ceiling is greater than or equal to than 1000 feet AGL; and,
    • visual obstructions are less than or equal to 5 degrees of visual angle upwards from the horizon in the quadrant (90° of azimuth) centered on the RPA location.
  • The Sun position is:
    • Outside of the quadrant (90° of azimuth) centered on the RPA location; or,
    • 45° or greater of elevation above the horizon; or,
    • Below the horizon (i.e., night operations).