Study and Reference Guide - Pilot Permit - Ultra-light Aeroplane - TP 14453

Order TP 14453

Second Edition
September 2012

Other related TC Publication: TP 14454 Sample Examination

Table of contents

• General
  • Examination prerequisites
  • Knowledge requirements
  • Examination rules
  • Materials required
  • Time limits
  • Rewriting of examinations
  • Examination feedback
• Examination
• Air law
  • Section 1: Air law and procedures
• Navigation
  • Section 2: Navigation
• Meteorology
  • Section 3: Meteorology
• Aeronautics – General knowledge
  • Section 4: Ultra-light aeroplane components and systems
  • Section 5: Theory of flight
  • Section 6: Flight instruments
  • Section 7: Flight operations
  • Section 8: Human factors
  • Section 9 : Emergency procedures
• Recommended study material
• Enquiries

General

Examination prerequisites

Prior to taking a written examination, an applicant for a flight crew permit, licence or rating shall meet the prerequisites for the examination set out in the personnel licensing standards with respect to CAR 401.13(1):

• a) medical fitness;
• b) identification;
• c) a recommendation from the flight instructor who is responsible for the training of the applicant; and
• d) experience.

Knowledge requirements

All subjects in this guide are considered to be important to applicants for the Ultra-light Aeroplane Pilot Permit and may appear on the exam. Subject areas identified by a bullet (•) are essential knowledge areas that will be emphasized on the written examination.

Examination rules

CAR 400.02

• (1) Except as authorized by an invigilator, no person shall, or shall attempt to, in respect of a written examination:
  • a) copy or remove from any place all or any portion of the text of the examination;
  • b) give to or accept from any person a copy of all or any portion of the text of the examination;
  • c) give help to or accept help from any person during the examination;
  • d) complete all or any portion of the examination on behalf of any other person; or
  • e) use any aid or written material during the examination.

• (2) A person who commits an act prohibited under subsection (1) fails the examination and may not take any other examination for a period of one year.

Materials required

A pencil is required for rough work. Electronic calculators are useful and are permitted if their memory is cleared before and after the examination. Computers capable of storing text are not approved. Navigation tools (ruler/scale, protractor, flight computer) are required for the navigation questions. A list of approved electronic navigation computers is available at: https://tc.canada.ca/en/aviation/licensing-pilots-personnel/flight-crew-licences-permits-ratings/accepted-electronic-computers-flight-crew-examinations.

Time limits

Examinations, including all sections of a sectionalized examination, that are required for the issuance of a permit or licence or for the endorsement of a permit or licence with a rating shall be completed during the 24-month period immediately preceding the date of the application for the permit, licence or rating 2.

Rewriting of examinations

CAR 400.04 (1)

Subject to subsections (2) and (6), a person who fails an examination or a section of a sectionalized examination required for the issuance of a flight crew permit, licence, rating or foreign licence validation certificate is ineligible to rewrite the examination or the failed section for a period of:

• a) in the case of a first failure, 14 days;
• b) in the case of a second failure, 30 days; and
• c) in the case of a third or subsequent failure, 30 days plus an additional 30 days for each failure in excess of two failures, up to a maximum of 180 days.

Examination feedback

Feedback statements on the results letter will inform the candidate which questions were answered incorrectly.

Example of a Feedback Statement: Identify the atmospheric conditions favorable for thunderstorm formation 3.

The Sample Examination – Pilot Permit – Ultra-light Aeroplane (TP 14454E) can be found at https://tc.canada.ca/en/aviation/publications/sample-examination-pilot-permit-ultra-light-aeroplane-tp-14454.

Examination

Applicants for the Ultra-light Aeroplane Pilot Permit shall demonstrate their knowledge by writing a Transport Canada multiple-choice examination on subjects contained in this guide. Applicants must be able to read the examination questions in either English or French without assistance.

This examination contains questions on the following main subject areas:

• Air Law
• Navigation
• Meteorology
• Aeronautics General Knowledge
• Emergency Procedures

Applicants who obtain less than 60% on the overall examination will, for licensing purposes, be required to rewrite the complete paper. The rewrite provisions detailed in the CARs Part IV apply.

Air law

Section 1: Air law and procedures

Canadian Aviation Regulations (CARs)

Some CARs refer to their associated standards. Questions from the CARs may test knowledge from the regulation or the standard.

Part I - General provisions

• 100 - Interpretation
  • 100.01 Interpretation
• 103 - Administration and compliance
  • 103.02 Inspection of Aircraft, Requests for Production of Documents and Prohibitions
  • 103.03 Return of Canadian Aviation Documents
  • 103.04 Record Keeping

Part II - Aircraft identification

• 200 - Interpretation
  • 200.01 Interpretation
  201 - Identification of aircraft
  • • Note: This is an essential knowledge area that will be emphasized on the written examination. End note 201.01 Aircraft Identification Plates
• 202 - Aircraft marking and registration
  • • Note: This is an essential knowledge area that will be emphasized on the written examination. End note 202.01 Requirements for Marks on Aircraft
  • 202.06 Alternative Mark Size or Location
  • • Note: This is an essential knowledge area that will be emphasized on the written examination. End note 202.13 Registration of Aircraft - General

Part III - Aerodromes and airports

• 300 - Interpretation
  • 300.01 Interpretation
• 301 - Aerodromes
  • 301.08 Prohibitions
  • 301.09 Fire Prevention
• 302 - Airports
  • 302.10 Prohibitions
  • 302.11 Fire Prevention

Part IV - Personnel licensing and training

• 400 - General
  • 400.01 Interpretation
• 401 - Flight crew permits, licences and ratings
  • • Note: This is an essential knowledge area that will be emphasized on the written examination. End note 401.03 Requirement to Hold a Flight Crew Permit, Licence or Rating
  • • Note: This is an essential knowledge area that will be emphasized on the written examination. End note 401.05 Recency Requirements
  • 401.08 Personal Logs
  • 401.19 Privileges
  • • Note: This is an essential knowledge area that will be emphasized on the written examination. End note 401.21 Ultra-light Aeroplanes - Privileges - Requirements
  • 401.88 Privileges
  • 401.101 Privileges - Ultra-light Aeroplane Passenger Carrying
• 404 - Medical requirements
  • 404.03 Requirement to Hold a Medical Certificate
  • 404.04 Issuance, Renewal and Validity Period of medical certificate
  • • Note: This is an essential knowledge area that will be emphasized on the written examination. End note 404.06 Prohibition Regarding Exercise of Privileges

Part VI - General operating and flight rules

• 600 - Interpretation
  • 600.01 Interpretation
• 601 - Airspace structure, classification and use
  • 601.01 Airspace Structure
  • 601.02 Airspace Classification
  • 601.03 Transponder Airspace
  • • Note: This is an essential knowledge area that will be emphasized on the written examination. End note 601.04 IFR or VFR Flight in Class F Special Use Restricted Airspace or Class F Special Use Advisory Airspace
  • 601.07 VFR Flight in Class B Airspace
  • • Note: This is an essential knowledge area that will be emphasized on the written examination. End note 601.08 VFR Flight in Class C Airspace
  • • Note: This is an essential knowledge area that will be emphasized on the written examination. End note 601.09 VFR Flight in Class D Airspace
• Aircraft operating restrictions and hazards to aviation safety
  • 601.15 Forest Fire Aircraft Operating Restrictions
  • 601.16 Issuance of NOTAM for Forest Fire Aircraft Operating Restrictions

• 602 - Operating and flight rules

  General

  • • Note: This is an essential knowledge area that will be emphasized on the written examination. End note 602.01 Reckless or Negligent Operation of Aircraft
  • • Note: This is an essential knowledge area that will be emphasized on the written examination. End note 602.02 Fitness of Flight Crew Members
  • • Note: This is an essential knowledge area that will be emphasized on the written examination. End note 602.03 Alcohol or drugs - Crew Members
  • 602.05 Compliance with Instructions
  • 602.07 Aircraft Operating Limitations
  • • Note: This is an essential knowledge area that will be emphasized on the written examination. End note 602.10 Starting and Ground Running of Aircraft Engines
  • 602.11 Aircraft Icing
  • • Note: This is an essential knowledge area that will be emphasized on the written examination. End note 602.12 Overflight of Built-up Areas or Open-air Assemblies of Persons during Take-offs, Approaches and Landings
  • • Note: This is an essential knowledge area that will be emphasized on the written examination. End note 602.13 Take-offs, Approaches and Landings within Built-up Area of Cities and Towns
  • • Note: This is an essential knowledge area that will be emphasized on the written examination. End note 602.14 Minimum Altitudes and Distances
  • • Note: This is an essential knowledge area that will be emphasized on the written examination. End note 602.15 Permissible Low Altitude Flight
  • • Note: This is an essential knowledge area that will be emphasized on the written examination. End note 602.19 Right of Way - General
  • • Note: This is an essential knowledge area that will be emphasized on the written examination. End note 602.20 Right of Way - Aircraft Manoeuvring on Water
  • • Note: This is an essential knowledge area that will be emphasized on the written examination. End note 602.21 Avoidance of Collision
  • • Note: This is an essential knowledge area that will be emphasized on the written examination. End note 602.22 Towing
  • • Note: This is an essential knowledge area that will be emphasized on the written examination. End note 602.23 Dropping of Objects
  • • Note: This is an essential knowledge area that will be emphasized on the written examination. End note 602.24 Formation Flight
  • • Note: This is an essential knowledge area that will be emphasized on the written examination. End note 602.29 Hang Glider and Ultra-light Aeroplane Operation
  • • Note: This is an essential knowledge area that will be emphasized on the written examination. End note 602.31 Compliance with Air Traffic Control Instructions and Clearances
  • • Note: This is an essential knowledge area that will be emphasized on the written examination. End note 602.34 Cruising Altitudes and Cruising Flight Levels
  • • Note: This is an essential knowledge area that will be emphasized on the written examination. End note 602.35 Altimeter-setting and Operating Procedures in the Altimeter-setting Region
• Operational and emergency equipment requirements
  • 602.58 Prohibition
  • 602.59 Equipment Standards
  • 602.61 Survival Equipment - Flights over Land
  • • Note: This is an essential knowledge area that will be emphasized on the written examination. End note 602.62 Life Preservers and Flotation Devices
  • • Note: This is an essential knowledge area that will be emphasized on the written examination. End note 602.63 Life Rafts and Survival Equipment - Flights over Water
• Flight preparation, flight plans and flights itineraries
  • • Note: This is an essential knowledge area that will be emphasized on the written examination. End note 602.70 Interpretation
  • 602.71 Pre-Flight Information
  • 602.72 Weather Information
  • • Note: This is an essential knowledge area that will be emphasized on the written examination. End note 602.73 Requirement to File a Flight Plan or a Flight Itinerary
  • 602.74 Contents of a Flight Plan or a Flight Itinerary
  • 602.75 Filing of a Flight Plan or Flight Itinerary
  • • Note: This is an essential knowledge area that will be emphasized on the written examination. End note 602.76 Changes in the Flight Plan
  • • Note: This is an essential knowledge area that will be emphasized on the written examination. End note 602.77 Requirement to File an Arrival Report
  • 602.78 Contents of an Arrival Report
  • 602.79 Overdue Aircraft Report
• Pre-flight and fuel requirements
  • 602.88 Fuel Requirements
  • 602.89 Passenger Briefings
• Operations at or in the vicinity of an aerodrome
  • • Note: This is an essential knowledge area that will be emphasized on the written examination. End note 602.96 General
  • • Note: This is an essential knowledge area that will be emphasized on the written examination. End note 602.97 VFR and IFR Aircraft Operations at Uncontrolled Aerodromes within a MF Area
  • • Note: This is an essential knowledge area that will be emphasized on the written examination. End note 602.98 General MF Reporting Requirements
  • 602.99 MF Reporting Procedures before Entering Manoeuvring Area
  • 602.100 MF Reporting Procedures on Departure
  • • Note: This is an essential knowledge area that will be emphasized on the written examination. End note 602.101 MF Reporting Procedures on Arrival
  • • Note: This is an essential knowledge area that will be emphasized on the written examination. End note 602.102 MF Reporting Procedures When Flying Continuous Circuits
  • • Note: This is an essential knowledge area that will be emphasized on the written examination. End note 603.103 Reporting Procedures when Flying through an MF Area
• Visual Flight Rules
  • • Note: This is an essential knowledge area that will be emphasized on the written examination. End note 602.114 Minimum Visual Meteorological Conditions for VFR Flight in Controlled Airspace
  • • Note: This is an essential knowledge area that will be emphasized on the written examination. End note 602.115 Minimum Visual Meteorological Conditions for VFR Flight in Uncontrolled Airspace
  • • Note: This is an essential knowledge area that will be emphasized on the written examination. End note 602.117 Special VFR Flight
• Radiocommunications
  • • Note: This is an essential knowledge area that will be emphasized on the written examination. End note 602.136 Continuous Listening Watch
  • 602.138 Two-way Radiocommunication Failure in VFR Flight
• Emergency communications and security
  • • Note: This is an essential knowledge area that will be emphasized on the written examination. End note 602.143 Emergency Radio Frequency Capability
  • 602.144 Interception Signals, Interception of Aircraft and Instructions to Land
  • 602.145 ADIZ
• 605 - Aircraft requirements
  • 605.01 Application
• Aircraft equipment - General
  • 605.05 Markings and Placards
• Aircraft equipment requirements
  • 605.14 Power-driven Aircraft - Day VFR
  • 605.22 Seat and Safety Belt Requirements
  • 605.25 General use of Safety Belts and Restraint Systems
  • 605.29 Flight Control Locks
  Miscellaneous
  • • Note: This is an essential knowledge area that will be emphasized on the written examination. End note 606.02 Liability Insurance

AIP/AIM

• • Note: This is an essential knowledge area that will be emphasized on the written examination. End note 1 Aerodromes
• • Note: This is an essential knowledge area that will be emphasized on the written examination. End note 2 Meteorology
• • Note: This is an essential knowledge area that will be emphasized on the written examination. End note 3 Rules of the Air and Air Traffic Services for VFR Aircraft
• • Note: This is an essential knowledge area that will be emphasized on the written examination. End note 4 Search and Rescue
• • Note: This is an essential knowledge area that will be emphasized on the written examination. End note 5 Aeronautical Charts and Publications
• • Note: This is an essential knowledge area that will be emphasized on the written examination. End note 6 Licensing/Registration
• • Note: This is an essential knowledge area that will be emphasized on the written examination. End note 7 Airmanship
• • Note: This is an essential knowledge area that will be emphasized on the written examination. End note 8 AIP Canada, ICAO Supplements
• • Note: This is an essential knowledge area that will be emphasized on the written examination. End note 9 Aeronautical Information Circulars

Transporation safety board of canada (TSB)

• 1 Definitions
• • Note: This is an essential knowledge area that will be emphasized on the written examination. End note 2 Reporting an Aviation Occurrence
• 3 Protection of Occurrence Site

Air traffic services and procedures

• • Note: This is an essential knowledge area that will be emphasized on the written examination. End note 1 Air Traffic and Advisory Services
• 2 Flight Service Stations
• 3 Communications Procedures
• • Note: This is an essential knowledge area that will be emphasized on the written examination. End note 4 Clock Position System, radar service
• • Note: This is an essential knowledge area that will be emphasized on the written examination. End note 5 ATC Clearances and Instructions
• • Note: This is an essential knowledge area that will be emphasized on the written examination. End note 6 Wake Turbulence Separation
• • Note: This is an essential knowledge area that will be emphasized on the written examination. End note 7 Airport/Aerodrome Operations - Controlled
• • Note: This is an essential knowledge area that will be emphasized on the written examination. End note 8 Airport/Aerodrome Operations - Uncontrolled
• 9 Mandatory (MF) and Aerodrome Traffic Frequencies (ATF)
• 10 VFR En Route Procedures
• 11 Holding Procedures
• • Note: This is an essential knowledge area that will be emphasized on the written examination. End note 12 VFR/IFR Traffic Mix at Uncontrolled Airports/Aerodromes

Navigation

Section 2: Navigation

Definitions

• 1 Longitude
• 2 Equator
• 3 Latitude
• 4 Variation
• 5 Deviation
• 6 Track
• 7 Heading
• 8 Airspeed
• 9 Ground Speed
• 10 Wind Velocity
• 11 Drift

Maps and charts

• 1 VTA
• 2 VNC
• 3 Topographical Symbols
• 4 Map Scale
• • Note: This is an essential knowledge area that will be emphasized on the written examination. End note 5 Contours and Relief
• • Note: This is an essential knowledge area that will be emphasized on the written examination. End note 6 Map Legends
• • Note: This is an essential knowledge area that will be emphasized on the written examination. End note 7 Aeronautical Information
• 8 Locating Position by Latitude and Longitude

Time and longitude

• 1 24 Hour System
• 2 Conversion of UTC to Local and Vice Versa

Cross country planning

• • Note: This is an essential knowledge area that will be emphasized on the written examination. End note 1 Weather Information
• 2 Use of the Canada Flight Supplement
• 3 NOTAM
• • Note: This is an essential knowledge area that will be emphasized on the written examination. End note 4 Use of Maps and Charts
• 5 Track and Distance
• 6 Time and Ground Speed
• • Note: This is an essential knowledge area that will be emphasized on the written examination. End note 7 Fuel Requirements for the Trip
• 8 Weight and Balance
• 9 Documents
• 10 Aircraft Serviceability
• • Note: This is an essential knowledge area that will be emphasized on the written examination. End note 11 Flight Plans/Itineraries

Cross country flying

• 1 Set Heading and Visual Angle of Departure
• 2 Map Reading
• • Note: This is an essential knowledge area that will be emphasized on the written examination. End note 3 Drift Correction
• 4 Check Points
• • Note: This is an essential knowledge area that will be emphasized on the written examination. End note 5 Ground Speed Check and ETA Revision
• • Note: This is an essential knowledge area that will be emphasized on the written examination. End note 6 Diversion to Alternate
• • Note: This is an essential knowledge area that will be emphasized on the written examination. End note 7 Procedure When Lost
• 8 Arrival Procedures

Meteorology

Section 3: Meteorology

Temperature

• 1 Temperature Scales - Fahrenheit and Celsius
• 2 Temperature Variations with Altitude
• 3 Inversions

Moisture

• • Note: This is an essential knowledge area that will be emphasized on the written examination. End note 1 Relative Humidity/Dewpoint
• 2 Precipitation

Stable and unstable air

• • Note: This is an essential knowledge area that will be emphasized on the written examination. End note 1 Characteristics of Stable and Unstable Air
• • Note: This is an essential knowledge area that will be emphasized on the written examination. End note 2 Surface Heating and Cooling
• • Note: This is an essential knowledge area that will be emphasized on the written examination. End note 3 Lifting Process

Air masses and fronts

• 1 Air Masses - definition and characteristics
• 2 Fronts - types and associated weather

Clouds

• • Note: This is an essential knowledge area that will be emphasized on the written examination. End note 1 Formation
• 2 Types
• • Note: This is an essential knowledge area that will be emphasized on the written examination. End note 3 Associated Precipitation and Turbulence

Visibility

• 1 Precipitation
• • Note: This is an essential knowledge area that will be emphasized on the written examination. End note 2 Fog
• 3 Haze/Smoke/Dust
• 4 Blowing Obstructions to Visibility
• 5 Whiteout

Wind and turbulence

• 1 Low Level Wind - variations
• • Note: This is an essential knowledge area that will be emphasized on the written examination. End note 2 Wind Shear
• • Note: This is an essential knowledge area that will be emphasized on the written examination. End note 3 Topographical Effects
• • Note: This is an essential knowledge area that will be emphasized on the written examination. End note 4 Mechanical Turbulence
• 5 Veer and Back

Altimetry

• 1 Sea Level Pressure
• 2 Density Altitude
• • Note: This is an essential knowledge area that will be emphasized on the written examination. End note 3 Altimeter Settings
• 4 Temperature and Pressure Errors

Thunderstorms

• 1 Requirements for Development
• 2 Structure
• 3 Types - air mass/frontal/orographic
• 4 Squall Lines
• • Note: This is an essential knowledge area that will be emphasized on the written examination. End note 5 Avoidance and Hazards - updrafts/downdrafts/gust fronts/downbursts/ microbursts/hail/rain/lightning/tornadoes

Meteorological services available to pilots

• 1 Flight Service Stations (FSS)
• 2 Transcribed Weather Broadcasts (TWB)
• 3 TV Weather Broadcasts
• 4 Internet

Aviation weather reports and forecasts

• 1 Pilot's Automatic Telephone Answering Service (PATWAS)
• 2 Aviation Routine Weather Report (METAR)
• 3 Graphical Area Forecast (GFA)
• 4 Aerodrome Forecasts (TAF)
• 5 Airman's Meteorological Advisory (AIRMET)
• 6 Significant In-flight Weather Warning Message (SIGMET)

Aeronautics – General knowledge

Section 4: Ultra-light aeroplane components and systems

Ultra-light aeroplane

• • Note: This is an essential knowledge area that will be emphasized on the written examination. End note 1 Definitions
• • Note: This is an essential knowledge area that will be emphasized on the written examination. End note 2 Skis/Floats/Wheels

Engines

• • Note: This is an essential knowledge area that will be emphasized on the written examination. End note 1 Two Stroke Engines
• • Note: This is an essential knowledge area that will be emphasized on the written examination. End note 2 Four Stroke Engines
• 3 Reduction Drives
• 4 Methods of Cooling
• 5 Ignition
• 6 Exhaust Systems
• • Note: This is an essential knowledge area that will be emphasized on the written examination. End note 7 Effect of Density Altitude/Humidity
• 8 Limitations and Operations
• 9 Carburetor System
• 10 Carburetor Heat/Icing
• 11 Mixture

Electrical system

• 1 Generator/Alternator/Battery
• 2 Master Switch
• 3 Circuit Breakers/Fuses

Lubricating systems and oils

• • Note: This is an essential knowledge area that will be emphasized on the written examination. End note 1 Types Viscosity/Grades/Seasonal use
• 2 Filters
• 3 Fuel/Oil Mixtures

Fuel system and fuels

• 1 Types - colours and properties
• 2 Weight
• 3 Additives
• • Note: This is an essential knowledge area that will be emphasized on the written examination. End note 4 Contamination and Deterioration
• 5 Venting
• 6 Fuel Lines/Filters/Drains
• 7 Detonation - causes/effects
• 8 Vapour Lock
• 9 Primers
• 10 Fuel Management - ground/air
• • Note: This is an essential knowledge area that will be emphasized on the written examination. End note 11 Fuel Handling - refuelling aircraft
• • Note: This is an essential knowledge area that will be emphasized on the written examination. End note 12 Grounding/Bonding
• 13 Fuel Selectors
• 14 Choke

Engine instruments

• 1 Tachometer
• 2 Exhaust Gas Temperature
• 3 Cylinder head Temperature
• 4 Coolant Temperature
• 5 Oil Pressure and Temperature

Propellers

• 1 Pitch
• 2 Diameter
• 3 Construction Materials
• 4 Reduction Drives and RPM
• 5 Balance
• 6 Mounting
• • Note: This is an essential knowledge area that will be emphasized on the written examination. End note 7 Dangers

Care of all components and systems

• • Note: This is an essential knowledge area that will be emphasized on the written examination. End note 1 Inspection/Condition
• • Note: This is an essential knowledge area that will be emphasized on the written examination. End note 2 Maintenance
• • Note: This is an essential knowledge area that will be emphasized on the written examination. End note 3 Repairs

Section 5: Theory of flight

Forces acting on an aerplane

• 1 Lift/Drag/Thrust/Weight
• 2 Relationship of Lift and Drag to Angle of Attack
• • Note: This is an essential knowledge area that will be emphasized on the written examination. End note 3 Forces Acting on an Aircraft during Manoeuvres

Load factor

• 1 Centrifugal Force/Weight
• 2 Load Factor - pulling out of a dive and in turns
• • Note: This is an essential knowledge area that will be emphasized on the written examination. End note 3 Relationship of Load Factor to Stalling Speed
• • Note: This is an essential knowledge area that will be emphasized on the written examination. End note 4 Structural Limitations
• 5 Gust Loads

Wings

• • Note: This is an essential knowledge area that will be emphasized on the written examination. End note 1 Relative Airflow and Angle of Attack
• • Note: This is an essential knowledge area that will be emphasized on the written examination. End note 2 Wing Tip Vortices
• 3 Area/Span/Chord
• 4 Aspect Ratio
• 5 Dihedral
• 6 Wash In/Wash Out
• 7 Stall Strips
• 8 Flaps

Propellers

• 1 Fixed/Variable Pitch
• 2 Torque/Slipstream/Gyroscopic Effect/Asymmetric Thrust

Stabillity

• • Note: This is an essential knowledge area that will be emphasized on the written examination. End note 1 Longitudinal/Lateral/Directional
• 2 Inherent Stability

Flight controls

• • Note: This is an essential knowledge area that will be emphasized on the written examination. End note 1 Aeroplane Axes and Planes of Movements
• 2 Function of Controls
• 3 Relationship Between Yaw and Roll
• 4 Adverse Yaw/Aileron Drag
• 5 Trim/Trimming Devices

Section 6: Flight instruments

Airspeed indicator

• • Note: This is an essential knowledge area that will be emphasized on the written examination. End note 1 Principles of Operation
• 2 Errors and limitations
• 3 Markings

Altimeter

• 1 Reading the Altimeter
• 2 How to set an Altimeter
• 3 Errors

Vertical speed indicator

• 1 Reading the VSI
• 2 Principles of operation
• 3 Errors and Limits

Direct reading magnetic compass

• 1 Reading the Compass
• • Note: This is an essential knowledge area that will be emphasized on the written examination. End note 2 Turning and Acceleration Errors
• 3 Compass Serviceability Checks
• 4 Checking Compass Heading on the ground and in flight

Yaw and bank indicators

• 1 Yaw needle
• 2 Ball
• 3 Turn and bank indicator
• 4 Turn co-ordinator

Section 7: Flight operations

General

• • Note: This is an essential knowledge area that will be emphasized on the written examination. End note 1 Pilot-In-Command Responsibilities
• • Note: This is an essential knowledge area that will be emphasized on the written examination. End note 2 Correct Use of Checklist
• • Note: This is an essential knowledge area that will be emphasized on the written examination. End note 3 Taxiing
• 4 Illusions Created by Drift
• 5 Mountain Flying Operations
• 6 Float Operations
• • Note: This is an essential knowledge area that will be emphasized on the written examination. End note 7 Wheelbarrowing
• 8 Hydro-planing
• 9 Runway Numbering
• • Note: This is an essential knowledge area that will be emphasized on the written examination. End note 10 Approach, Runway, Aerodrome Markings and Wind Direction Indicator
• • Note: This is an essential knowledge area that will be emphasized on the written examination. End note 11 Obstruction Markings

Aircraft performance and limitations

• • Note: This is an essential knowledge area that will be emphasized on the written examination. End note 1 Effects of Contamination on Aircraft Surface
• • Note: This is an essential knowledge area that will be emphasized on the written examination. End note 2 Effects of Density Altitude/Humidity
• 3 Gliding for Range
• • Note: This is an essential knowledge area that will be emphasized on the written examination. End note 4 Never Exceed Speed
• • Note: This is an essential knowledge area that will be emphasized on the written examination. End note 5 Stall
• 6 Slipping
• 7 Recommended Safe Recovery Altitudes
• • Note: This is an essential knowledge area that will be emphasized on the written examination. End note 8 Effects of Change of Weight or Centre of Gravity (C of G) on Performance
• 9 Effect of Ice/Snow/Frost/Slush/Water on Take-off and Landing Run
• • Note: This is an essential knowledge area that will be emphasized on the written examination. End note 10 Effect of Various Runway Surfaces on Take-off and Landing Run
• 11 Upslope/Downslope Runway
• 12 Crosswind Charts

Weight and balance

• 1 Datum/Arm/ Moment
• • Note: This is an essential knowledge area that will be emphasized on the written examination. End note 2 Locating C of G/Hang Point
• 3 C of G Limits
• • Note: This is an essential knowledge area that will be emphasized on the written examination. End note 4 Weights - Empty/Gross
• 5 Load Adjustment/Hang Point
• 6 Cargo Tie-down/Passenger Loading
• • Note: This is an essential knowledge area that will be emphasized on the written examination. End note 7 Wing Area and Loading

Wake turbulence

• • Note: This is an essential knowledge area that will be emphasized on the written examination. End note 1 Causes
• • Note: This is an essential knowledge area that will be emphasized on the written examination. End note 2 Effects
• • Note: This is an essential knowledge area that will be emphasized on the written examination. End note 3 Avoidance

Search and rescue (SAR)

• 1 Types of Service Available
• 2 ELT (Exclude Categories)
• 3 Survival - basic techniques

Aircraft surface contamination

• • Note: This is an essential knowledge area that will be emphasized on the written examination. End note 1 Pre-take-off Inspection
• • Note: This is an essential knowledge area that will be emphasized on the written examination. End note 2 Hoar Frost
• • Note: This is an essential knowledge area that will be emphasized on the written examination. End note 3 Dirt, Insects and Water

Float operations

• 1 Taxiing
• 2 Take-off and Landing
• 3 Docking

Section 8: Human factors

Aviation physiology

• 1 Hypoxia/Hyperventilation
• • Note: This is an essential knowledge area that will be emphasized on the written examination. End note 2 Vision/Visual Scanning Techniques
• 3 Hearing
• • Note: This is an essential knowledge area that will be emphasized on the written examination. End note 4 Orientation/Disorientation - Including Visual/Vestibular illusions
• 5 Sleep/Fatigue
• 6 Anesthetics/Blood Donations

The pilot and the operating environment

• 1 Personal Health/Fitness
• 2 Diet/Nutrition
• • Note: This is an essential knowledge area that will be emphasized on the written examination. End note 3 Medications (Prescribed and Over-the-counter)
• 4 Substance Abuse (Alcohol/Drugs)
• 5 Pregnancy
• 6 Heat/Cold
• 7 Noise/Vibration
• 8 Effects of Smoking
• 9 Toxic Hazards (Including Carbon Monoxide)
• 10 Personal Safety Equipment

Aviation psychology

• 1 The Decision-Making Process
• • Note: This is an essential knowledge area that will be emphasized on the written examination. End note 2 Factors That Influence Decision-Making
• • Note: This is an essential knowledge area that will be emphasized on the written examination. End note 3 Situational Awareness
• • Note: This is an essential knowledge area that will be emphasized on the written examination. End note 4 Stress
• • Note: This is an essential knowledge area that will be emphasized on the written examination. End note 5 Managing Risk
• 6 Attitudes
• 7 Workload - attention and information processing

Interpersonal relations

• 1 Communications with Air Traffic Services/Passengers
• 2 Operating Pressures - family relationships/peer group

Section 9 : Emergency procedures

• • Note: This is an essential knowledge area that will be emphasized on the written examination. End note 1 Engine Failure
• • Note: This is an essential knowledge area that will be emphasized on the written examination. End note 2 Fire - electrical/engine
• • Note: This is an essential knowledge area that will be emphasized on the written examination. End note 3 Forced Landings
• 4 Ballistic Parachute Recovery Systems
• 5 Water Egress

Recommended study material

• A.I.P./Aeronautical Information Manual (A.I.M.)
• Air Command Weather Manual (TP 9352E)
• Air Command Weather Manual (Supplement) (TP 9353E)
• Canada Flight Supplement
• Canadian Aviation Regulations (CARs)
• Sample Examination for Ultra-light Pilot Permit (TP 14454E)
• Flight Training Manual (TP 1102E)
• From the Ground Up
• Human Factors for Aviation - Basic Handbook (TP 12863E)
• VFR Navigation Charts (VNC)/VFR Terminal Area Charts (VTA)
• Ultralight and Light Plane Condition Manual (UPAC)
• Ultralight Pilot's Manual of Aerodynamics, Meteorology and Navigation (UPAC)
• Student Pilot Permit or Private Pilot Licence for Foreign and Military Applicants, Air Regulations (PSTAR) (TP 11919E)
• The Ultralight Pilot's Flight Training Manual (USUA)

The Study Guide for the Radiotelephone Operator's Restricted Certificate (Aeronautical) is available free of charge from district offices of Industry Canada - Examination and Radio Licensing (http://www.strategis.gc.ca/).

Information on text books and other publications produced by commercial publishers can be obtained through local flying training organizations, bookstores and similar sources.

Publications used in pilot training in the United States are available through the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402 (http://www.access.gpo.gov/index.html)

Enquiries

Information concerning the location of pilot training organizations and matters pertaining to flight crew licensing may be obtained by contacting the appropriate Regional Offices. A complete listing may be found at: https://tc.canada.ca/en/aviation/licensing-pilots-personnel/flight-crew-licences-permits-ratings/flight-crew-examinations.