Excerpt from:
Standard 821- Canadian Domestic Air Traffic Control Separation Standards
2.0 Radar Separation Minima
2.1 Aircraft shall be separated using one of the following minima: (N)
- (a) 5 miles; or
- (b)
- 3 miles, where:
- (i) terminal control service is being provided that,
- (ii) a maximum range of 60 miles is displayed on the radar display, and
- (iii)
- (A) altitude readouts for both aircraft are displayed, or
- (B) both aircraft are at or below 15,000 feet ASL;
- (A) altitude readouts for both aircraft are displayed, or
- (i) terminal control service is being provided that,
- (c) 2.5 miles between aircraft established on the same final approach course within 10 miles of the landing runway provided that:
- (i) the leading aircraft is not a heavy,
- (ii) the following aircraft's weight category is the same or heavier than that of the leading aircraft, and
- (iii) the runway is bare;
- (i) the leading aircraft is not a heavy,
- (d) 1 mile provided that:
- (i) the operation is in a mosaicked environment, and:
- (A) at least one of the aircraft is VFR,
- (B) a maximum range of 40 miles is displayed on the radar display,
- (C) altitude readouts are displayed for both aircraft,
- (D) the position of the centre of the radar display is such that the maximum range that this service can be provided does not exceed 120 miles from the preferred or supplementary radar;
- (A) at least one of the aircraft is VFR,
- (ii) the operation is in a non-mosaicked environment, and:
- (A) at least one of the aircraft is VFR,
- (B) a maximum range of 40 miles is displayed on the radar display,
- (C) altitude readouts are displayed for both aircraft,
- (D) the position of the centre of the radar display is such that the maximum range that this service can be provided does not exceed 60 miles from the Radar Site Equipment(RSE);
- (A) at least one of the aircraft is VFR,
- (i) the operation is in a mosaicked environment, and:
- (e)
- target resolution provided that:
- (i) at least one of the aircraft is VFR,
- (ii) a maximum range of 40 miles is displayed on the radar display,
- (iii) altitude readouts are displayed for both aircraft,
- (iv) PPS size is selected at 2 or greater,
- (v) the position of the centre of the radar display is such that the maximum range this service can be provided does not exceed 60 miles from the RSE.
- (f)
- 10 miles if the source radar is not an RSE.
NOTE: These minima do not apply when an arriving aircraft is separated from a departing aircraft in accordance with Chapter 3, subsection 6.2.1 - Departure Versus Arrival.
2.3 Aircraft shall be separated from the boundary of adjoining airspace in which radar separation is being used, in accordance with the following table:
If: And If: And If:: Separation Required 2.5 miles Adjoining airspace is controlled with RSE/RDPS - Terminal control service is being provided;
- A maximum of 60 miles is displayed on the radar display; and
-
- An altitude read-out is displayed for the aircraft; or
- The aircraft is at or below 15000 feet ASL.
1.5 mile 5 miles RSE/RDPS Adjoining airspace is not controlled with RSE/RDPS - Terminal control service is being provided;
- A maximum of 60 miles is displayed on the radar display; and
-
- An altitude read-out is displayed for the aircraft; or
- The aircraft is at or below 15000 feet ASL.
3 miles NON - RSE/RDPS 5 miles 2.4 A radar controlled aircraft shall be separated from the boundary of airspace in which non-radar separation is being used, or from the boundary of Class F restricted areas by:
- (a) 5 miles; or
- (b) 3 miles, provided that:
- (i) a maximum range of 60 miles is displayed on the radar display, and
- (ii)
- (A) an altitude readout is displayed for the aircraft, or
- (B) the aircraft is at or below 15000 feet ASL;
- (A) an altitude readout is displayed for the aircraft, or
- (i) a maximum range of 60 miles is displayed on the radar display, and
- (c)
- 10 miles, if the source radar is not an RSE.
5.1 Adequate terrain clearance shall be provided that above a prominent obstruction by one of the following minima:
- (a) 5 miles, where the position of the prominent obstruction is indicated on the radar display; or
- (b)
- 3 miles, where:
- (i) terminal control service is being provided that,
- (ii) a maximum range of 60 miles is displayed on the radar display, and
- (iii) the prominent obstruction is enclosed within a buffer on the radar display.
- (i) terminal control service is being provided that,
6.2.1 The following conditions shall be met when permitting a departing aircraft to take-off in a direction which differs by 45 degrees or more from the reciprocal of the track of an arriving aircraft:
- (a) the arriving aircraft is on final approach;
- (b)
- the arriving aircraft is radar identified;
- (c)
-
- (i) the departing aircraft is airborne when the arriving aircraft is not less than 2 miles from the threshold of the landing runway;
- (ii) the departing aircraft has commenced its take-off roll when the arriving aircraft is not less than 2 miles from the threshold of the landing runway, provided that:
- (A) separation will increase to a minimum of 3 miles (5 miles, if more than a 60-mile range is displayed on the radar display) within 1 minute after take-off;
- (i) the departing aircraft is airborne when the arriving aircraft is not less than 2 miles from the threshold of the landing runway;
6.2.2 The following conditions shall be met when a departing aircraft is authorized to take-off from a runway that is parallel to a runway being used by an arriving aircraft:
- (a)
- (b)
- the runway thresholds are staggered and:
- (i) if the arriving aircraft is approaching the nearer runway, the required distance between runway centre lines may be 100 feet less than 2500 feet for each 500 feet that the thresholds are staggered.
- (ii) if the arriving aircraft is approaching the farther runway, the required distance between runway centre lines must be 100 feet more than 2500 feet for each 500 feet that the thresholds are staggered.
- (c)
- in addition to (a) and (b), the following conditions shall also be met:
- (i) the aircraft are informed that simultaneous operations are in effect,
- (ii) the aircraft are landing in the same direction being used for take-off and are making either straight-in or visual approaches which are being monitored on radar,
- (iii) the departing aircraft are assigned headings that diverge immediately after take-off by 30 degrees or more from the missed approach of the arriving aircraft,
- (iv) radar identification of the departing aircraft will be established within one mile of the runway,
- (v) a maximum of 60 miles is displayed on the radar display,
(vi) neither a departing aircraft nor a missed approach aircraft is cleared nor permitted to turn toward the flight path of the other, unless another form of separation has been achieved.
6.3.1 The following conditions shall be met when a departing aircraft is authorized to take-off from a runway that is parallel to a runway being used by another departing aircraft:
- (a) the runways are 2500 feet or more apart (centre line to centre line);
- (b) both aircraft will follow assigned tracks that diverge by 15 degrees or more immediately after take-off;
- (c) radar identification of both aircraft will be established within 1 mile of the runway used for take-off;
- (d) a maximum of 60 miles is displayed on the radar display; and
- (e) neither aircraft is cleared nor permitted to turn towards the departure path of the other unless another form of separation has been achieved.
6.3.2 The following conditions shall be met when simultaneous take-offs are authorized for aircraft departing from non-intersecting runways:
- (a) the runway centre lines diverge by 15 degrees or more;
- (b) radar identification of both aircraft will be established within 1 mile of the runway used for take-off;
- (c) a maximum of 60 miles is displayed on the radar display;
- (d) when required, a wake turbulence minimum is applied; and
- (e) neither aircraft is cleared nor permitted to turn towards the other unless another form of separation has been achieved.
6.3.3 The following conditions shall be met when a succeeding aircraft is authorized to take-off from an intersecting runway:
- (a) the runway centre lines diverge by 15 degrees or more;
- (b) the previous aircraft has passed the point of the runway intersection;
- (c) when required, a wake turbulence minimum is applied to the succeeding aircraft;
- (d) radar identification of both aircraft will be established within 1 mile of the runway used for take-off;
- (e) a maximum of 60 miles is displayed on the radar display; and
- (f) neither aircraft is cleared nor permitted to turn towards the departure path of the other unless another form of separation has been achieved.
- Date de modification :
- (i) the aircraft are informed that simultaneous operations are in effect,
- (i) if the arriving aircraft is approaching the nearer runway, the required distance between runway centre lines may be 100 feet less than 2500 feet for each 500 feet that the thresholds are staggered.
- (i) at least one of the aircraft is VFR,