Canadian Aviation Regulations (CARs)
Content last revised: 2021/09/21
Legacy sections
- 523.1301-1 - Aeroplane Operation After Ground Cold Soak
- 523.1457 - Cockpit Voice Recorders
- 523.1459 - Flight Data Recorders
- 523.1529 - Instructions for Continued Airworthiness
Subchapters
- A (523.2000-523.2010),
- B (523.2100-523.2165),
- C (523.2200-523.2270),
- D (523.2300-523.2335),
- E (523.2400-523.2440),
- F (523.2500-523.2550),
- G (523.2600-523.2620)
Appendices
Subchapter F - Equipment
523.2500 Aeroplane Level Systems Requirements
This section applies generally to installed equipment and systems unless a section of this chapter imposes requirements for a specific piece of equipment, system, or systems.
- (a) The equipment and systems required for an aeroplane to operate safely in the kinds of operations for which certification is requested (Day VFR, Night VFR, IFR) must be designed and installed to:
- (1) Meet the level of safety applicable to the certification and performance level of the aeroplane; and
- (2) Perform their intended function throughout the operating and environmental limits for which the aeroplane is certificated.
- (b) The systems and equipment not covered by paragraph (a) of this section — considered separately and in relation to other systems — must be designed and installed so their operation does not have an adverse effect on the aeroplane or its occupants.
(effective 2021/09/21)
523.2505 Function and Installation
When installed, each item of equipment must function as intended.
(effective 2021/09/21)
523.2510 Equipment, Systems, and Installations
For any aeroplane system or equipment whose failure or abnormal operation has not been specifically addressed by another requirement in this chapter, the applicant must design and install each system and equipment, such that there is a logical and acceptable inverse relationship between the average probability and the severity of failure conditions to the extent that:
- (a) Each catastrophic failure condition is extremely improbable;
- (b) Each hazardous failure condition is extremely remote; and
- (c) Each major failure condition is remote.
(effective 2021/09/21)
523.2515 Electrical and Electronic System Lightning Protection
An aeroplane approved for IFR operations must meet the following requirements, unless an applicant shows that exposure to lightning is unlikely:
- (a) Each electrical or electronic system that performs a function, the failure of which would prevent the continued safe flight and landing of the aeroplane, must be designed and installed such that:
- (1) The function at the aeroplane level is not adversely affected during and after the time the aeroplane is exposed to lightning; and
- (2) The system recovers normal operation of that function in a timely manner after the aeroplane is exposed to lightning unless the system’s recovery conflicts with other operational or functional requirements of the system.
- (b) Each electrical and electronic system that performs a function, the failure of which would significantly reduce the capability of the aeroplane or the ability of the flight crew to respond to an adverse operating condition, must be designed and installed such that the system recovers normal operation of that function in a timely manner after the aeroplane is exposed to lightning.
(effective 2021/09/21)
523.2520 High-Intensity Radiated Fields (HIRF) Protection
- (a) Each electrical and electronic systems that performs a function, the failure of which would prevent the continued safe flight and landing of the aeroplane, must be designed and installed such that:
- (1) The function at the aeroplane level is not adversely affected during and after the time the aeroplane is exposed to the HIRF environment; and
- (2) The system recovers normal operation of that function in a timely manner after the aeroplane is exposed to the HIRF environment, unless the system’s recovery conflicts with other operational or functional requirements of the system.
- (b) For aeroplanes approved for IFR operations, each electrical and electronic system that performs a function, the failure of which would significantly reduce the capability of the aeroplane or the ability of the flight crew to respond to an adverse operating condition, must be designed and installed such that the system recovers normal operation of that function in a timely manner after the aeroplane is exposed to the HIRF environment.
(effective 2021/09/21)
523.2525 System Power Generation, Storage, and Distribution
The power generation, storage, and distribution for any system must be designed and installed to:
- (a) Supply the power required for operation of connected loads during all intended operating conditions;
- (b) Ensure no single failure or malfunction of any one power supply, distribution system, or other utilization system will prevent the system from supplying the essential loads required for continued safe flight and landing; and
- (c) Have enough capacity, if the primary source fails, to supply essential loads, including non-continuous essential loads for the time needed to complete the function required for continued safe flight and landing.
(effective 2021/09/21)
523.2530 External and Cockpit Lighting
- (a) The applicant must design and install all lights to minimise any adverse effects on the performance of flight crew duties.
- (b) Any position and anti-collision lights, if required by Subpart 5 of Part VI of the CARs, must have the intensities, flash rate, colours, fields of coverage, and other characteristics to provide sufficient time for another aircraft to avoid a collision.
- (c) Any position lights, if required by Subpart 5 of Part VI of the CARs, must include a red light on the left side of the aeroplane, a green light on the right side of the aeroplane, spaced laterally as far apart as practicable, and a white light facing aft, located on an aft portion of the aeroplane or on the wing tips.
- (d) Any taxi and landing lights must be designed and installed so they provide sufficient light for night operations.
- (e) For seaplanes or amphibian aeroplanes, riding lights must provide a white light visible in clear atmospheric conditions.
(effective 2021/09/21)
523.2535 Safety Equipment
Safety and survival equipment, required by the applicable operating rules, must be reliable, readily accessible, easily identifiable, and clearly marked to identify its method of operation.
(effective 2021/09/21)
523.2540 Flight in Icing Conditions
An applicant who requests certification for flight in icing conditions defined in Part I of Appendix C to Chapter 525, or an applicant who requests certification for flight in these icing conditions and any additional atmospheric icing conditions, must show the following in the icing conditions for which certification is requested:
- (a) The ice protection system provides for safe operation.
- (b) The aeroplane design must provide protection from stalling when the autopilot is operating.
(effective 2021/09/21)
523.2545 Pressurised Systems Elements
Pressurised systems must withstand appropriate proof and burst pressures.
(effective 2021/09/21)
523.2550 Equipment Containing High-Energy Rotors
Equipment containing high-energy rotors must be designed or installed to protect the occupants and aeroplane from uncontained fragments.
(effective 2021/09/21)