Theme I - Addressing Climate Change and Air Quality

IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGY
Undertake and deliver scientific research and reporting in support of regulatory and other programs, including data analysis, inventory development, monitoring, modeling and assessment of the effectiveness of efforts as well as research on options, costs and benefits, and technology assessments. (EC, HC, NRCan, TC)

2.1 Clean Air from Transportation

Transport Canada works with partners to address data gaps with regard to transportation activity, energy use and related emissions for all modes.

Transport Canada develops and maintains a database of activity, fuel use, air pollutants and greenhouse gas emissions per mode for all modes of transportation. This information is used in the preparation of the 'Transportation in Canada' annual report. Under section 52 of the Canada Transportation Act, the Minister of Transport is required to prepare an annual report that provides a brief overview of the state of transportation in Canada. Every fifth year, this report is expanded to be more comprehensive in nature, to include additional information, such as the financial performance of each mode of transportation and its contribution to the Canadian economy and long-term outlook and trends in transportation in Canada.

With a view to addressing data gaps, Transport Canada has engaged in reviewing the Carriers and Transportation and Grain Handling Undertakings Information Regulations, which are in place today, but last reviewed in 1998. Section 50 of the Canada Transportation Act (amended in June 2007) has expanded the scope of the Minister's authority to collect information related to environmental issues, under the lens of national transportation policy development. Extensive consultations were conducted throughout 2009 and 2010 on the proposed regulations. The proposed regulations, published in the Canada Gazette, Part I on February 19, 2011, take a common, bottom-up approach, across all modes to measure greenhouse gas emissions. Transport Canada expects to be in a position to publish the final version of the amendments to this regulation in early 2012.

Transport Canada also assesses the economic and environmental costs and benefits of regulatory and non-regulatory initiatives.

Transport Canada continues to support sustainable transportation research and development projects through the efforts of the Transportation Development Centre and through various socio-economic studies.

This implementation strategy is linked to 1.1.38, 2.1.2 and 3.8.10.

The knowledge developed under this implementation strategy will contribute to a better understanding of the greenhouse gas and air pollutant emissions associated with transportation activities, which will contribute towards the Federal Sustainable Development Strategy Target 1.1 - Climate Change Mitigation and Target 2.1 - Air Pollutants. The research undertaken during the period will also contribute to Target 1.1 - Climate Change Mitigation and Target 2.1 - Air Pollutants.

Performance Indicators

Targets

Results Achieved

Tabling of the 'Transportation in Canada' Annual Report in both Houses of Parliament

Annually, before the end of May

Adoption of the revised Carriers and Transportation and Grain Handling Undertakings Information Regulations

In the course of fiscal year 2011-2012

Enhanced focus of the R&D efforts allocated to sustainable transportation activities

15% of the Transportation Development Centre's efforts allocated towards sustainable transportation priorities

Tabling of the 'Transportation in Canada' Annual Report in both Houses of Parliament

Annually, before the end of May

Improving the quality of data linking greenhouse gas emissions and transportation activities

At least one transportation sector will show measurable improvement

Enhanced focus of the R&D efforts allocated to sustainable transportation activities

Sustained efforts on the part of the Transportation Development Centre to address sustainable transportation priorities²

Tabling of the 'Transportation in Canada' Annual Report in both Houses of Parliament

Annually, before the end of May

Improving the quality of data linking greenhouse gas emissions and transportation activities

At least one additional transportation sector will show measurable improvement

Enhanced focus of the R&D efforts allocated to sustainable transportation activities

Sustained efforts on the part of the Transportation Development Centre to address sustainable transportation priorities

IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGY
Develop regulations under the Canadian Environmental Protection Act, 1999 to address greenhouse gas emissions from heavy-duty vehicles, aligned with the United States but taking into consideration the distinct nature of the Canadian fleet. The draft regulations are expected to be available for consultation in the Fall of 2010. (EC, TC)

IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGY 1.1.14
Work within the International Maritime Organization (IMO) to support the development of international energy efficiency / GHG standards for marine vessels. (TC)

IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGY 1.1.45
Support the development of international standards and recommended practices with the International Maritime Organization concerning greenhouse gas emissions from marine sources. (TC)

IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGY 1.1.52
Work within the International Maritime Organization toward the development of international standards and recommended practices that reduce greenhouse gas emissions from marine shipping, while maintaining a high level of safety. (TC)

IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGY 2.1.30.2
Support the development of international standards and recommended practices within the International Maritime Organization concerning air pollutant emissions from marine sources. (TC)

IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGY 2.1.33
Participate in the Marine Environmental Protection Committee of the International Maritime Organization. (TC)

IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGY
Develop regulations under the Railway Safety Act to address greenhouse gas emissions from the rail sector in collaboration with the United States. (TC)

IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGY 1.1.16
Work within the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) to develop aircraft design performance standards for CO₂ as early as 2013. (TC)

IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGY 1.1.44
Support the development of international principles, standards and recommended practices with the International Civil Aviation Organization aimed at a globally coherent approach to manage international aviation GHG emissions. (TC)

IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGY 1.1.51.1
Work within International Civil Aviation Organization to continue to advance emissions limitations and reductions from international aviation, including the implementation of the ICAO Programme of Action on International Aviation and Climate Change, while maintaining a high level of safety. (TC, EC)

IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGY 2.1.30.1
Support the development of standards and recommended practices within the Committee on Aviation Environmental Protection (CAEP) of the International Civil Aviation Organization concerning air pollutant emissions from aviation sources. (TC)

IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGY 2.1.34
Participate in the International Civil Aviation Organization Council's Committee on Aviation Environmental Protection. (TC)

IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGY
Develop and/or implement new rules within Canada's domestic regulatory regime, which reflect appropriate international standards and recommended practices concerning greenhouse emissions adopted by the International Maritime Organization and the International Civil Aviation Organization. (TC)

2.1.2 ecoFreight

Note: As this Implementation Strategy was completed in 2011-2012, the previous PAA linkage is provided.

In 2007, Transport Canada, Environment Canada and the Railway Association of Canada signed a Memorandum of Understanding, in force from 2006 to 2010, to reduce the emissions of greenhouse gases (GHG) and criteria air contaminants from locomotives operating in Canada. The Memorandum of Understanding established 2010 GHG emissions intensity targets for the major railway companies:

Class I Freight

16.98 kg CO₂ equivalent per 1,000 revenue tonne-kilometre (RTK)

Short Lines

15.38 kg CO₂ equivalent per 1,000 RTK

Intercity Passenger

0.12 kg CO₂ equivalent per passenger-km

Commuter

1.46 kg CO₂ equivalent per passenger

An annual report is prepared each year, describing the performance under the Memorandum of Understanding.

This implementation strategy is linked to 1.1.15 and 2.1.15.

Work under this Memorandum of Understanding leads to reductions of greenhouse gas emissions and air pollutants and contributes to Federal Sustainable Development Strategy Target 1.1 - Climate Change Mitigation and Target 2.1 - Air Pollutants.

Performance Indicators

Targets

Results Achieved

2010 results published in Annual Report

Report published

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGY
Continue to support the MOU signed between Transport Canada and the Air Transport Association of Canada to reduce emissions of greenhouse gases from aviation sources. The agreement sets an annual fuel-efficiency target that will achieve a cumulative improvement in fuel efficiency of 24% by 2012, relative to 1990 levels. (TC)

2.1.1 Clean Air Regulatory Framework and Oversight

In 2005, Transport Canada and the Air Transport Association of Canada (ATAC) signed a Memorandum of Understanding to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from aviation sources. This Memorandum of Understanding set an annual average target of 1.1 percent fuel efficiency improvement, compared to a 1990 baseline with a cumulative improvement of 24 percent by 2012. This will be measured in litres of fuel per total Revenue Tonne-Kilometre (RTK) and fuel consumption per RTK. Canada was the first country to have such a voluntary initiative, involving both government and industry.

In 2008, the four largest passenger air carriers - Air Canada, Air Transat, Jazz Air LP, and WestJet - elected to leave ATAC, and formed a new trade association, the National Airlines Council of Canada (NACC). While no longer covered by the Memorandum of Understanding, these carriers have affirmed their continuing support of the agreement and its goals, and have assumed their responsibilities as set out in the agreement.

An annual report is prepared each year, describing the performance under the Memorandum of Understanding. The reports are available online at: http://www.tc.gc.ca/eng/programs/environment-ecofreight-about-voluntary-voluntaryagreementsair-82.htm.

Work under the Memorandum of Understanding leads to reductions of greenhouse gas emissions and contributes to the Federal Sustainable Development Strategy Target 1.1 - Climate Change Mitigation.

Performance Indicators

Targets

Results Achieved

2010 results published in Annual Report

Report published

TBD

TBD

N/A

N/A

2.1.2 ecoFreight
2.1.3 Clean Urban Transportation
2.1.4 Clean Vehicle

Note: This Implementation Strategy was completed in 2011-2012, the previous PAA linkage is provided.

The ecoTRANSPORT Strategy was a four-year initiative (2007-2008 to 2010-2011) part of the ecoACTION programs to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and that can directly or indirectly contribute to air pollutant emission reduction. Two programs of the strategy were extended to 2011-2012: ecoMOBILITY and Marine Shore Power.

The ecoMOBILITY program aims to reduce emissions from urban passenger transportation by helping municipalities attract residents to less polluting forms of transportation. During the last year of the program, the ecoMOBILITY projects with municipalities will be finalized, final reports will be reviewed and final stage of the program measurement strategy will be initiated. Information on the results of projects funded under the program will be disseminated.

The Marine Shore Power program's objective is to improve air quality by reducing air emissions, particles and marine vessel stack smoke in some of Canada's largest urban centers by enabling ships to turn off their auxiliary diesel engines and reduce their emissions while docked and to connect to a city's electrical grid using specially designed equipment to power the ship's load (e.g., lighting, air conditioning, communication equipment, etc.). In 2011-2012, the Marine Shore Power program will support the implementation of the Prince Rupert Port Authority project and begin to implement its program impacts measurement strategy. Information on projects funded under the program will be disseminated.

This implementation strategy is linked to 2.1.16 and 2.1.22.1.

Work under the ecoTRANSPORT Strategy is aimed at reducing greenhouse gas emissions and indirectly contributes to reductions in air pollutant emissions, contributing to Federal Sustainable Development Strategy Target 1.1 - Climate Change Mitigation and Target 2.1 - Air Pollutants.

Performance Indicators

Targets

Results Achieved

Dissemination of project results and information

Results and information on all projects funded under the program are disseminated

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGY
Manage research and development, develop partnerships, support and/or conduct technology development (emerging and forward-looking) to improve energy efficiency and reduce emissions for surface, marine and air transportation. (TC)

1.4 Transportation Innovation

Transport Canada will support sustainable transportation research and development projects through the efforts of the Transportation Development Centre.

This implementation strategy is linked to 1.1.5, 2.1.2 and 3.8.10.

The research undertaken during the period will contribute to the mitigation of climate change, supporting Federal Sustainable Development Strategy Target 1.1 - Climate Change Mitigation.

Performance Indicators

Targets

Results Achieved

Enhanced focus of the R&D efforts allocated to sustainable transportation activities

15% of the Transportation Development Centre's efforts allocated towards sustainable transportation priorities

Enhanced focus of the R&D efforts allocated to sustainable transportation activities

Sustained efforts on the part of the Transportation Development Centre to address sustainable transportation priorities

Enhanced focus of the R&D efforts allocated to sustainable transportation activities

Sustained efforts on behalf of the Transportation Development Centre to address sustainable transportation priorities

IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGY
Undertake scientific research and reporting in support of regulatory and other programs delivered, including data analysis, inventory development, monitoring, modeling and assessment of the effectiveness of efforts as well as research on options, costs and benefits including economic and social and technology assessments. (EC, NRCan, HC, TC)

2.1 Clean Air from Transportation

Transport Canada works with partners to address data gaps with regard to transportation activity, energy use and related emissions for all modes.

Transport Canada develops and maintains a database of activity, fuel use, air pollutants and greenhouse gas emissions per mode for all modes of transportation. This information is used in the preparation of the 'Transportation in Canada' annual report. Under section 52 of the Canada Transportation Act, the Minister of Transport is required to prepare an annual report that provides a brief overview of the state of transportation in Canada. Every fifth year, this report is expanded to be more comprehensive in nature, to include additional information, such as the financial performance of each mode of transportation and its contribution to the Canadian economy and long-term outlook and trends in transportation in Canada.

With a view to addressing data gaps, Transport Canada has engaged in reviewing the Carriers and Transportation and Grain Handling Undertakings Information Regulations, which are in place today, but last reviewed in 1998. Section 50 of the Canada Transportation Act (amended in June 2007) has expanded the scope of the Minister's authority to collect information related to environmental issues, under the lens of national transportation policy development. Extensive consultations were conducted throughout 2009 and 2010 on the proposed regulations. The proposed regulations, published in the Canada Gazette, Part I on February 19, 2011, take a common, bottom-up approach, across all modes to measure air pollutant emissions. Transport Canada expects to be in a position to publish the final version of the amendments to this regulation in early 2012.

Transport Canada also assesses the economic and environmental costs and benefits of regulatory and non-regulatory initiatives.

Transport Canada continues to support sustainable transportation research and development projects through the efforts of the Transportation Development Centre and through various socio-economic studies.

This implementation strategy is linked to 1.1.5, 1.1.38 and 3.8.10.

The knowledge developed under this implementation strategy will contribute to a better understanding of the greenhouse gas and air pollutant emissions associated with transportation activities, which will contribute towards the Federal Sustainable Development Strategy Target 1.1 - Climate Change Mitigation and Target 2.1 - Air Pollutants. The research undertaken during the period will also contribute to Target 1.1 - Climate Change Mitigation and Target 2.1 - Air Pollutants.

Performance Indicators

Targets

Results Achieved

Tabling of the 'Transportation in Canada' Annual Report in both Houses of Parliament

Annually, before the end of May

Adoption of the revised Carriers and Transportation and Grain Handling Undertakings Information Regulations

In the course of fiscal year 2011-2012

Enhanced focus of the R&D efforts allocated to sustainable transportation activities

Efforts on the part of the Transportation Development Centre to address sustainable transportation priorities

Tabling of the 'Transportation in Canada' Annual Report in both Houses of Parliament

Annually, before the end of May

Enhanced focus of the R&D efforts allocated to sustainable transportation activities

Sustained efforts on the part of the Transportation Development Centre to address sustainable transportation priorities

Tabling of the 'Transportation in Canada' Annual Report in both Houses of Parliament

Annually, before the end of May

Improving the quality of data linking criteria air contaminants emissions and transportation activities

At least one transportation sector will show measurable improvement

Enhanced focus of the R&D efforts allocated to sustainable transportation activities

Sustained efforts on the part of the Transportation Development Centre to address sustainable transportation priorities

IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGY
Develop emission regulations for Criteria Air Contaminants (CAC) for the rail sector under the Railway Safety Act to take effect in 2011, aligned with U.S. Environmental Protection Agency emissions standards. (TC)

IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGY
Continue to work with the United States and France to implement a designated Emission Control Area for North American coastal areas, under the auspices of the IMO, by 2012. (TC, EC)

IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGY
Develop enhanced emissions regulations under the Canada Shipping Act, 2001, for vessels operating in Canadian waters. (TC)

2.1.2 ecoFreight

Note: This Implementation Strategy was completed in 2011-2012, the previous PAA linkage is provided.

In 2007, Transport Canada, Environment Canada and the Railway Association of Canada signed a Memorandum of Understanding, in force from 2006 to 2010, to reduce the emissions of greenhouse gas and criteria air contaminants from locomotives operating in Canada. The Memorandum of Understanding includes a commitment by Railway Association of Canada members to take action to reduce criteria air contaminant emissions through such measures as:

• purchasing new and lower-emitting locomotives;
• retiring 130 medium-horsepower locomotives built between 1973 and 1999; and
• upgrading medium-horsepower and high-horsepower locomotives built after 1972 to be lower emitting.

These are measured by the following performance indicators:

• number of new Environmental Protection Agency Tier 2 locomotives acquired;
• number of high-horsepower units upgraded to Environmental Protection Agency Tier 0 or Tier 1;
• number of medium-horsepower units upgraded to Tier Environmental Protection Agency Tier 0; and,
• number of 1973-1999 medium-horsepower units retired.

An annual report is prepared each year, describing the performance under the Memorandum of Understanding.

This implementation strategy is linked to 1.1.18 and 2.1.12.

The Memorandum of Understanding aims to reduce emissions of greenhouse gases and criteria air contaminants from locomotives operating in Canada, supporting Federal Sustainable Development Strategy Target 1.1 - Climate Change Mitigation and Target 2.1 - Air Pollutants.

Performance Indicators

Targets

Results Achieved

2010 results published in Annual Report

Report published

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

2.1.2 ecoFreight
2.1.3 Clean Urban Transportation
2.1.4 Clean Vehicle

Note: This Implementation Strategy was completed in 2011-2012, the previous PAA linkage is provided.

The ecoTRANSPORT Strategy was a four-year initiative (2007-2008 to 2010-2011) part of the ecoACTION programs to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and that can directly or indirectly contribute to air pollutant emission reduction. Two programs of the strategy were extended to 2011-2012: ecoMOBILITY and Marine Shore Power.

The ecoMOBILITY program aims to reduce emissions from urban passenger transportation by helping municipalities attract residents to less polluting forms of transportation. During the last year of the program, the ecoMOBILITY projects with municipalities will be finalized, final reports will be reviewed and final stage of the program measurement strategy will be initiated. Information on the results of projects funded under the program will be disseminated.

The Marine Shore Power program's objective is to improve air quality by reducing air emissions, particles and marine vessel stack smoke in some of Canada's largest urban centers by enabling ships to turn off their auxiliary diesel engines and reduce their emissions while docked and to connect to a city's electrical grid using specially designed equipment to power the ship's load (e.g., lighting, air conditioning, communication equipment, etc.). In 2011-2012, the Marine Shore Power program will support the implementation of the Prince Rupert Port Authority project and begin to implement its program impacts measurement strategy. Information on projects funded under the program will be disseminated.

This implementation strategy is linked to 1.1.35.1 and 2.1.22.1.

Work under the ecoTRANSPORT Strategy is aimed at reducing greenhouse gas emissions and indirectly contributes to reductions in air pollutant emissions, contributing to Federal Sustainable Development Strategy Target 1.1 - Climate Change Mitigation and Target 2.1 - Air Pollutants.

Performance Indicators

Targets

Results Achieved

Change in greenhouse gas emissions

Greenhouse gas emissions decrease of 0.12 Mt

Change in pollutant emissions

Project funded under the programs have reduced their pollutant emissions

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

2.1.2 ecoFreight
2.1.3 Clean Urban Transportation
2.1.4 Clean VehicleClean Air Programs

Note: This Implementation Strategy was completed in 2011-2012, the previous PAA linkage is provided.

The ecoTRANSPORT Strategy was a four-year initiative (2007-2008 to 2010-2011) part of the ecoACTION programs to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and that can directly or indirectly contribute to air pollutant emission reduction. Two programs of the strategy were extended to 2011-2012: ecoMOBILITY and Marine Shore Power.

The ecoMOBILITY program aims to reduce emissions from urban passenger transportation by helping municipalities attract residents to less polluting forms of transportation. During the last year of the program, the ecoMOBILITY projects with municipalities will be finalized, final reports will be reviewed and final stage of the program measurement strategy will be initiated. Information on the results of projects funded under the program will be disseminated.

The Marine Shore Power program's objective is to improve air quality by reducing air emissions, particles and marine vessel stack smoke in some of Canada's largest urban centers by enabling ships to turn off their auxiliary diesel engines and reduce their emissions while docked and to connect to a city's electrical grid using specially designed equipment to power the ship's load (e.g., lighting, air conditioning, communication equipment, etc.). In 2011-2012, the Marine Shore Power program will support the implementation of the Prince Rupert Port Authority project and begin to implement its program impacts measurement strategy. Information on projects funded under the program will be disseminated.

This implementation strategy is linked to 1.1.35.1 and 2.1.16.

Work under the ecoTRANSPORT Strategy aimed at reducing greenhouse gas emissions and indirectly contributes to reductions in air pollutant emissions, contributing to Federal Sustainable Development Strategy Target 1.1 - Climate Change Mitigation and Target 2.1 - Air Pollutants.

Performance Indicators

Targets

Results Achieved

Dissemination of project results and information

Results and information on all projects funded under the program are disseminated

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

2.1.4 Clean Vehicle

Note: This Implementation Strategy was completed in 2010-2011, therefore the previous PAA linkage is reflected.

Transport Canada's ecoTECHNOLOGY for Vehicles program helped to reduce the environmental impacts of passenger vehicles by addressing and where possible helping to mitigate barriers to the latest clean vehicle technologies becoming available safely and quickly in Canada. The program did this by working with manufacturers to acquire and test new passenger vehicle technologies in Canada and harnessing the information to foster their introduction.

The ecoTECHNOLOGY for Vehicles program, part of the 4-year ecoTRANSPORT Strategy, concluded in 2010-2011.

For more information, please visit: http://www.tc.gc.ca/eng/programs/environment-etv-menu-eng-118.htm.

No relationship has been provided as this program concluded in 2010-2011.

Performance Indicators

Targets

Results Achieved

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A