Theme I - Addressing Climate Change and Air Quality

IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGY
Undertake and deliver scientific research and reporting in support of regulatory and other programs, including data analysis, inventory development, monitoring, modeling and assessment of the effectiveness of efforts as well as research on options, costs and benefits, and technology assessments. (EC, HC, NRCan, TC)

2.1 Clean Air from Transportation

Transport Canada works with partners to address data gaps with regard to transportation activity, energy use and related emissions for all modes.

Transport Canada develops and maintains a database of activity, fuel use, air pollutants and greenhouse gas emissions per mode for all modes of transportation. This information is used in the preparation of the 'Transportation in Canada' annual report. Under section 52 of the Canada Transportation Act, the Minister of Transport is required to prepare an annual report that provides a brief overview of the state of transportation in Canada. Every fifth year, this report is expanded to be more comprehensive in nature, to include additional information, such as the financial performance of each mode of transportation and its contribution to the Canadian economy and long–term outlook and trends in transportation in Canada.

With a view to addressing data gaps, Transport Canada has engaged in reviewing the Carriers and Transportation and Grain Handling Undertakings Information Regulations, which are in place today, but last reviewed in 1998. Section 50 of the Canada Transportation Act (amended in June 2007) has expanded the scope of the Minister's authority to collect information related to environmental issues, under the lens of national transportation policy development. Extensive consultations were conducted throughout 2009 and 2010 on the proposed regulations. The proposed regulations, published in the Canada Gazette, Part I on February 19, 2011, take a common, bottom–up approach, across all modes to measure greenhouse gas emissions.

Transport Canada assesses the economic and environmental costs and benefits of regulatory and non–regulatory initiatives.

Transport Canada supports sustainable transportation research and development projects through the efforts of the Transportation Development Centre and through various socio–economic studies.

This implementation strategy is linked to 1.1.38, 2.1.2 and 3.8.10.

The knowledge developed under this implementation strategy will contribute to a better understanding of the greenhouse gas and air pollutant emissions associated with transportation activities, which will contribute towards the Federal Sustainable Development Strategy Target 1.1 – Climate Change Mitigation and Target 2.1 – Air Pollutants. The research undertaken during the period will also contribute to Target 1.1 – Climate Change Mitigation and Target 2.1 – Air Pollutants.

Tabling of the 'Transportation in Canada' Annual Report in both Houses of Parliament

Annually, before the end of May

Adoption of the revised Carriers and Transportation and Grain Handling Undertakings Information Regulations

In the course of fiscal year 2011–2012

Enhanced focus of the R&D efforts allocated to sustainable transportation activities

15% of the Transportation Development Centre's efforts allocated towards sustainable transportation priorities

Tabling of the 'Transportation in Canada' Annual Report in both Houses of Parliament

Annually, before the end of May

Enhanced focus of the R&D efforts allocated to sustainable transportation activities

20% of the Transportation Development Centre's efforts allocated towards sustainable transportation priorities

Tabling of the 'Transportation in Canada' Annual Report in both Houses of Parliament

Annually, before the end of May

Enhanced focus of the R&D efforts allocated to sustainable transportation activities

25% of the Transportation Development Centre's efforts allocated towards sustainable transportation priorities

IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGY
Develop regulations under the Canadian Environmental Protection Act, 1999 to address greenhouse gas emissions from heavy–duty vehicles, aligned with the United States but taking into consideration the distinct nature of the Canadian fleet. The draft regulations are expected to be available for consultation in the Fall of 2010. (EC, TC)

2.1.1 Clean Air Regulatory Framework and Oversight

Transport Canada will ensure that transportation safety and economic implications of proposed regulations are fully considered in the analysis of these regulations, and will use existing fora, such as the Task Force on Vehicle Weights and Dimensions Policy, to maximize stakeholder awareness of the proposed regulations.

Transport Canada will support Environment Canada in the development of regulations for greenhouse gas emissions from new heavy–duty vehicles, by providing input on competitiveness and safety as the regulations are developed and by co–chairing a stakeholder working group with Environment Canada.

In addition, Transport Canada will investigate the safety implications of fuel–saving heavy–duty vehicle technologies and components in Canadian conditions. Information gathered under this initiative will be used to inform vehicle purchasers, as well as the development of any safety regulations that may be implemented by Transport Canada in the future.

The regulations are expected to result in reductions in greenhouse gas emissions starting with model year 2014, which will contribute towards the Federal Sustainable Development Strategy Target 1.1 – Climate Change Mitigation.

Safety and economic implications of proposed Environment Canada regulations are assessed

Regulations incorporate as appropriate consideration of safety and economic implications for the heavy–duty vehicle sector

Key transportation stakeholders and provinces and territories engaged in regulatory consultation, including through the Task Force on Vehicle Weights and Dimensions Policy

Stakeholders and provinces and territories engaged through existing fora

Continued engagement with key transportation stakeholders, including through the Task Force on Vehicle Weights and Dimensions Policy

Industry has a good understanding of the regulatory requirements

Continued engagement with key transportation stakeholders, including through the Task Force on Vehicle Weights and Dimensions Policy

Industry has a good understanding of the regulatory requirements

IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGY 1.1.14
Work within the International Maritime Organization (IMO) to support the development of international energy efficiency / GHG standards for marine vessels. (TC)

IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGY 1.1.45
Support the development of international standards and recommended practices with the International Maritime Organization concerning greenhouse gas emissions from marine sources. (TC)

IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGY 1.1.52
Work within the International Maritime Organization toward the development of international standards and recommended practices that reduce greenhouse gas emissions from marine shipping, while maintaining a high level of safety. (TC)

IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGY 2.1.30.2
Support the development of international standards and recommended practices within the International Maritime Organization concerning air pollutant emissions from marine sources. (TC)

IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGY 2.1.33
Participate in the Marine Environmental Protection Committee of the International Maritime Organization (TC).

IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGY 3.8.12
Support the adoption by Canada of Marine Environmental Protection Committee (International Maritime Organization) requirements where applicable. (TC)

Implementation strategies 1.1.14, 1.1.45, 1.1.52, 2.1.20.2 and 2.1.33 are linked 2.1.1 Clean Air Regulatory Framework and Oversight

Implementation strategy 3.8.12 is linked to 2.2 Clean Water from Transportation

Canada is a key member of the International Maritime Organization, the United Nations specialized agency governing marine shipping, and plays a leading role in its committees and working groups. As foreign ships carry most of Canada's trade, and comprise most of Canada's shipping activity, setting clear and predictable rules based on international standards ensures compliance by foreign vessels.

Transport Canada continues to be actively engaged with work at the International Maritime Organization in the development of standards and recommended best practices to reduce greenhouse gas and air pollutant emissions caused by ships. Once the International Maritime Organization has approved new, or amended existing, international emission standards, member nations are required to adopt these standards domestically through regulation or other action.

Marine Environmental Protection Committee
The Marine Environment Protection Committee administers key international conventions to prevent pollution from ships, including air and greenhouse gas emissions. Three sub–committees, Bulk Liquids and Gases, Design and Equipment, and Facilitation, play a key supporting role. Canada makes specific proposals to Marine Environment Protection Committee and related sub–committees to ensure international standards are protective of the environment. More information is available at www.imo.org.

Energy Efficiency Design Index and Shipboard Energy Efficiency Management Plan
Transport Canada contributed to the International Maritime Organization's development of an Energy Efficiency Design Index for new ships and the mandatory requirements for a Shipboard Energy Efficiency Management Plan for all ships. These two technical measures have been disseminated for voluntary use. Transport Canada will continue to participate in discussions to consider the means by which they could be introduced in the Organization's regulatory regime. Transport Canada is actively contributing to work in these areas at the International Maritime Organization and will implement relevant domestic regulations as appropriate.

Adoption of international standards into domestic regulatory framework
Transport Canada is adopting applicable international standards developed by the International Maritime Organization's Marine Environment Protection Committee into its regulatory framework under the Canada Shipping Act, 2001.

For more information on Transport Canada's involvement in the International Maritime Organization, please visit http://www.tc.gc.ca/eng/marinesafety/rsqa-imo-menu-1877.htm.

This implementation strategy is linked to 1.1.17.

These implementation strategies seek to protect the marine environment by ensuring the international environmental standards on marine shipping are protective of the environment. Furthermore, implementation of the Energy Efficiency Design Index and the Shipboard Energy Efficiency Management Plan will lead to reductions in both greenhouse gas and air pollutant emissions. This work therefore supports Federal Sustainable Development Strategy Target 1.1 – Climate Change Mitigation, and Target 2.1 – Air Pollutants.

Implementation strategy 3.8.12 seeks to protect the marine environment by ensuring the international standards on marine shipping are protective of the environment, supporting Federal Sustainable Development Strategy Target 3.9 – Marine Water Quality.

Engagement in committees, working groups or sub groups

As required

Formal papers or positions supported, developed or tabled

As required

Number of research reports/findings developed

Inform the policy process to develop and implement new rules within Canada's domestic regulatory regime

Energy Efficiency Design Index and Shipboard Energy Efficiency Management Plan
Work on developing international energy efficiency and emission standards progresses

Adoption by the International Maritime Organization of the Energy Efficiency Design Index and the Shipboard Energy Efficiency Management Plan

Adoption of international standards into Canadian regulations and guidelines

As appropriate

Engagement in committees, working groups or sub groups

As required

Formal papers or positions supported, developed or tabled

As required

Number of research reports/findings developed

Inform the policy process to develop and implement new rules within Canada's domestic regulatory regime

Energy Efficiency Design Index and Shipboard Energy Efficiency Management Plan
International energy efficiency and emission standards are developed

Finalization of domestic regulations

Adoption of international standards into Canadian regulations and guidelines

As appropriate

Engagement in committees, working groups or sub groups

As required

Formal papers or positions supported, developed or tabled

As required

Number of research reports/findings developed

Inform the policy process to develop and implement new rules within Canada's domestic regulatory regime

Energy Efficiency Design Index and Shipboard Energy Efficiency Management Plan
International energy efficiency and emission standards are developed

Implementation of domestic regulations

Adoption of international standards into Canadian regulations and guidelines

As appropriate

IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGY
Develop regulations under the Railway Safety Act to address greenhouse gas emissions from the rail sector in collaboration with the United States. (TC)

2.1.1 Clean Air Regulatory Framework and Oversight

The Government of Canada is committed to regulating air emissions from locomotives, as stated in the October 21, 2006 Notice of Intent published in the Canada Gazette, Part I. Transport Canada will develop and implement new locomotive emissions regulations, under the Railway Safety Act. Regulations to address emissions from locomotives in Canada will be developed in two phases:

1. Regulations aligned with existing U.S. criteria air contaminant regulations, to be implemented in 2011; and,
2. Development of a regulatory framework to address greenhouse gas emissions, to be developed later in step with the U.S.

The United States has not yet initiated the development of its regulations to address greenhouse gas emissions from locomotives. Transport Canada will continue to engage in discussions with the United States in preparation for this work.

This implementation strategy is also linked to 1.1.18 and 2.1.15.

Once developed, the regulatory framework will lead to reductions of greenhouse gas emissions and air pollutants and will contribute to the Federal Sustainable Development Strategy Target 1.1 – Climate Change Mitigation and Target 2.1 – Air Pollutants.

Results of research and analysis supports regulatory development for greenhouse gas emissions

Engage with the United States on work related to the development of regulations to address greenhouse gas emissions from locomotives

TBD

TBD

TBD

TBD

IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGY 1.1.16
Work within the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) to develop aircraft design performance standards for CO₂ as early as 2013. (TC)

IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGY 1.1.44
Support the development of international principles, standards and recommended practices with the International Civil Aviation Organization aimed at a globally coherent approach to manage international aviation GHG emissions. (TC)

IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGY 1.1.51.1
Work within International Civil Aviation Organization to continue to advance emissions limitations and reductions from international aviation, including the implementation of the ICAO Programme of Action on International Aviation and Climate Change, while maintaining a high level of safety. (TC, EC)

IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGY 2.1.30.1
Support the development of standards and recommended practices within the Committee on Aviation Environmental Protection (CAEP) of the International Civil Aviation Organization concerning air pollutant emissions from aviation sources. (TC)

IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGY 2.1.34
Participate in the International Civil Aviation Organization Council's Committee on Aviation Environmental Protection (TC).

2.1.1 Clean Air Regulatory Framework and Oversight

Environmental aviation regulations in Canada are based primarily on the international standards and recommended practices developed by the international community through the International Civil Aviation Organization. The International Civil Aviation Organization's activities in the environment field are primarily focused on those problems that benefit most from a common coordinated approach, on a worldwide basis, namely aircraft noise and aircraft engine emissions.

Climate Change Resolution (Note that this was formerly referred to as the Programme of Action)

Further to the International Civil Aviation Organization's high–level meeting on international aviation and climate change held in October 2009, the International Civil Aviation Organization's October 2010 General Assembly adopted a Resolution on Climate Change. In summary, the Resolution:

• Adopts a global goal of 2 per cent annual improvement in fuel efficiency until the year 2020 and aspirationally to 2050, and asks States to strive to achieve carbon–neutral growth from 2020;
• Commits to development of a global CO₂ Standard for aircraft and to explore facilitation of further operational changes to reduce aviation emissions;
• Encourages States to submit, before the end of June 2012, an action plan outlining their policies and actions to combat climate change in international aviation and to report annually on CO₂ emissions; and,
• Calls for the development of a framework for market–based measures in international aviation, and further elaboration of the principles upon which to base such a framework.

Transport Canada will continue to actively participate in various International Civil Aviation Organization Committees to advance policy discussions concerning mitigation of the impact of international aviation on climate change. Transport Canada will also continue to support development of international principles for the development and application of market–based measures for international aviation as part of the International Civil Aviation Organization's broader dialogue on international aviation and climate change.

Committee on Aviation Environmental Protection

The International Civil Aviation Organization's current environmental activities are largely undertaken through the Committee on Aviation Environmental Protection, which consists of Members and Observers from States, and intergovernmental and non–governmental organizations representing aviation industry and environmental interests. Transport Canada participates in working groups under the Committee on Aviation Environmental Protection, and continues to support the International Civil Aviation Organization in the development of guidance and recommendations to assess and minimize the aviation environmental impacts on local air quality and the global climate.

Under the Committee on Aviation Environmental Protection, Transport Canada participates in three working groups and three support groups:

• Aircraft Noise Technical Issues (working group 1) – The main aim is to keep international aircraft noise certification standards up to date and effective, while ensuring that the certification procedures are as simple and inexpensive as possible;
• Operations (working group 2) – Addresses aircraft noise and emissions issues linked to airports and operations;
• Emissions Technical Issues (working group 3) – Deals with aircraft performance and emission technical matters, including the development of an aircraft CO₂ standard;
• Forecasting and Economic Analysis Support Group – Develops and maintains the databases necessary to provide the framework for performing economic analysis and forecasting fleet growth. Provides support to the other working groups and works with them on data issues that concern more than one working group;
• Aviation Carbon Calculator Support Group – Developed an impartial transparent methodology for computing the CO₂ emissions from passenger air travel, which is continuously updated; and
• Impact and Science Group (currently inactive).

Examples of work currently being undertaken by the working groups are explained in the following sections.

CO₂ Standard

The Committee on Aviation Environmental Protection committed to a timetable for the development of a global CO₂ emission standard for new aircraft, aiming at 2013. This initiative is one of the measures of the International Civil Aviation Organization's Programme of Action to address greenhouse gas emissions from international aviation. A number of working groups and task groups under the Committee on Aviation Environmental Protection are involved in this work, including the CO₂ Task Group, the Emissions Technical Issues Working Group, the Technical Working Group for Noise, the Forecast and Economic Analysis Support Group, and the Modelling and Databases Group. Transport Canada actively participates in this work.

Development of an international CO₂ standard is required before the domestic standard is in place. Once a CO₂ standard for airplanes is developed and adopted internationally at the International Civil Aviation Organization, Transport Canada will prepare regulations to adopt the standard domestically under the Aeronautics Act.

Air Pollutants and Local Air Quality

Transport Canada contributed to the development of NO_x standards that have been adopted by the International Civil Aviation Organization, and will prepare regulations to adopt them domestically. Transport Canada is also supporting the work to develop a sampling and measurement methodology for non–volatile particulate matter emissions from aircraft engines. This is the preliminary step to the development of a standard for non–volatile particulate matter.

Transport Canada also continues to support the International Civil Aviation Organization in the development of guidance and recommendations to assess and minimize aviation environmental impacts on local air quality and the global climate. The Committee on Aviation Environmental Protection is drafting a new International Civil Aviation Organization Manual based on International Civil Aviation Organization Circular 303 "Operational Opportunities to Minimize Fuel Use and Reduce Emissions". The manual will build on information contained in International Civil Aviation Organization Circular 303 and outline recent advances in operational opportunities in a number of key areas, including air traffic management and airport operations. Transport Canada has led this effort in the past and will continue to support the development of the manual.

Transport Canada is also contributing to the development of a new International Civil Aviation Organization Airport Air Quality Guidance Manual, covering issues related to the assessment of airport–related air quality impacts that are either specifically within the remit of the International Civil Aviation Organization (such as main engine emissions) or where there is established understanding on other non–aircraft sources (such as boilers, ground support equipment, and road traffic) that will contribute to air quality impacts.

Research

Transport Canada supports domestic and international research conducted through the Transport Canada / Federal Aviation Administration / National Aeronautics and Space Administration Partnership for Air Transportation Noise and Emissions Reduction (PARTNER) and the Green Aviation Research and Development Network (GARDN), a Business–led Network of Centres of Excellence that informs regulatory development in emission certification (including carbon dioxide, oxides of nitrogen and particulate matter), improved airspace and air navigation procedures, airport air quality measurement and impacts to human health. The research also provides a suite of complimentary measures which support the objectives of future emissions regulations and the preparations required to achieve them.

This implementation strategy is linked to 1.1.17.

The implementation strategy supports the goal of reducing greenhouse gas emissions and air pollution from the aviation sector, supporting Federal Sustainable Development Strategy Target 1.1 – Climate Change Mitigation and Target 2.1 – Air Pollutants.

Engage in International Civil Aviation Organization committees, working groups or task groups

As required

Formal papers or positions supported, developed or tabled

As required

Number of research reports/findings that Canada presents to the International Civil Aviation Organization

Contribute to the body of knowledge to support the International Civil Aviation Organization's objectives to limit or reduce the impact of aviation greenhouse gases on the global climate

Work with Canadian aviation industry to develop an action plan to reduce emissions from the Canadian aviation sector

Draft action plan developed by Fall/Winter 2011/2012

CO₂ Standard
Work with international working group to develop CO₂ standard; progress reviewed at the Committee on Aviation Environmental Protection Steering
Group 2

Sept 2011

Engage in International Civil Aviation Organization committees, working groups or task groups

As required

Formal papers or positions supported, developed or tabled

As required

Number of research reports/findings that Canada presents to the International Civil Aviation Organization

Contribute to the body of knowledge to support the International Civil Aviation Organization's objectives to limit or reduce the impact of aviation greenhouse gases on the global climate

Submission of Canada's aviation action plan to the International Civil Aviation Organization

June 2012

CO₂ Standard
Work with international working group to develop CO₂ standard; progress reviewed at Committee on Aviation Environmental Protection CAEP9 meeting

Feb 2013

NO_x Standard
Draft amendment to domestic regulations, incorporating new NO_x standard, and production cut–off of engines non–compliant to previous standard

Fiscal Year 2012/2013

NO_x Production Cut–off
Domestic NO_x production cut–off comes into effect

Dec 2012

Engage in International Civil Aviation Organization committees, working groups or task groups

As required

Formal papers or positions supported, developed or tabled

As required

Number of research reports/findings that Canada presents to the International Civil Aviation Organization

Contribute to the body of knowledge to support the International Civil Aviation Organization's objectives to limit or reduce the impact of aviation greenhouse gases on the global climate

Prepare annual report on progress under Canada's aviation action plan

Annual report tracking progress against action plan prepared

CO₂ Standard
Work with international working group to finalize CO₂ standard; recommendation of final CO₂ standard by working group to the International Civil Aviation Organization

Nov 2013 (International Civil Aviation Organization target)

NO_x Standard
Domestic NO_x standard comes into effect

Dec 2013

IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGY
Develop and/or implement new rules within Canada's domestic regulatory regime, which reflect appropriate international standards and recommended practices concerning greenhouse emissions adopted by the International Maritime Organization and the International Civil Aviation Organization. (TC)

2.1.1 Clean Air Regulatory Framework and Oversight

Environmental aviation and marine regulations in Canada, including greenhouse gas regulations, are based primarily on the international standards and recommended practices developed by the international community through the International Civil Aviation Organization and the International Maritime Organization. Once the International Civil Aviation Organization and the International Maritime Organization have approved new, or amended existing, international emission standards, member nations are required to adopt these standards domestically through regulation or other action. Transport Canada is actively contributing to work in these areas at both the International Civil Aviation Organization and the International Maritime Organization and will implement relevant domestic regulations and best practices as appropriate.

International Civil Aviation Organization

CO₂ Standard
The International Civil Aviation Organization Council's Committee on Aviation Environmental Protection committed to a timetable for the development of a global CO₂ emission standard for new aircraft, aiming at 2013. This initiative is one of the measures of the International Civil Aviation Organization's Programme of Action to address greenhouse gas emissions from international aviation. Transport Canada actively participates in this work. Development of an international CO₂ standard by the International Civil Aviation Organization is required before a domestic standard is in place. Once a CO₂ standard for airplanes is developed and adopted internationally at the International Civil Aviation Organization, Transport Canada will prepare regulations to adopt the standard domestically under the Aeronautics Act.

International Maritime Organization

Energy Efficiency Design Index (EEDI) and Shipboard Energy Efficiency Management Plan (SEEMP)
Transport Canada contributed to the International Maritime Organization's development of an Energy Efficiency Design Index for new ships and the mandatory requirements for a Shipboard Energy Efficiency Management Plan for all ships, and will continue to participate in discussions to consider the means by which they could be introduced in the Organization's regulatory regime. Transport Canada will then look at implementing relevant domestic regulations, under the Canada Shipping Act, 2001, as appropriate.

Transport Canada will also continue to participate in research efforts that inform and support greenhouse gas emission regulatory development and best practices both domestically and at the International Civil Aviation Organization and the International Maritime Organization.

This implementation strategy is linked to 1.1.14 and 1.1.16.

This implementation strategy supports the Federal Sustainable Development Strategy Target 1.1 – Climate Change Mitigation.

Adoption of international standards and best practices into Canadian regulations and guidelines

As appropriate

Number of research reports/findings developed

Inform the policy process to develop and implement new rules within Canada's domestic regulatory regime

International Civil Aviation Organization
Work with international working group to develop CO₂ standard; progress reviewed at the Committee on Aviation Environmental Protection Steering
Group 2

Sept 2011

International Maritime Organization
Energy Efficiency Design Index and Shipboard Energy Efficiency Management Plan
Work on developing international energy efficiency and emission standards progresses

Adoption by the International Maritime Organization of the Energy Efficiency Design Index and the Shipboard Energy Efficiency Management Plan

Adoption of international standards and best practices into Canadian regulations and guidelines

As appropriate

Number of research reports/findings developed

Inform the policy process to develop and implement new rules within Canada's domestic regulatory regime

International Civil Aviation Organization
Work with international working group to develop CO₂ standard; progress reviewed at Committee on Aviation Environmental Protection CAEP9 meeting

Feb 2013

International Maritime Organization
Energy Efficiency Design Index and Shipboard Energy Efficiency Management Plan
International energy efficiency and emission standards are developed

Finalization of domestic regulations

Adoption of international standards and best practices into Canadian regulations and guidelines

As appropriate

Number of research reports/findings developed

Inform the policy process to develop and implement new rules within Canada's domestic regulatory regime

International Civil Aviation Organization
Work with international working group to finalize CO₂ standard; recommendation of final CO₂ standard by working group to the International Civil Aviation Organization for adoption

Nov 2013 (International Civil Aviation Organization target)

International Maritime Organization
Energy Efficiency Design Index and Shipboard Energy Efficiency Management Plan
International energy efficiency and emission standards are developed

Implementation of domestic regulations

IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGY
Continue to support a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) with the Railway Association of Canada that ensures the rail industry continues to improve its GHG emissions performance during the period 2006–2010 (EC, TC).

2.1.2 ecoFreight

In 2007, Transport Canada, Environment Canada and the Railway Association of Canada signed a Memorandum of Understanding, in force from 2006 to 2010, to reduce the emissions of greenhouse gases (GHG) and criteria air contaminants from locomotives operating in Canada. The Memorandum of Understanding established 2010 GHG emissions intensity targets for the major railway companies:

An annual report is prepared each year, describing the performance under the Memorandum of Understanding. The reports are available online at: http://www.tc.gc.ca/eng/programs/environment-ecofreight-about-voluntary-voluntaryagreementsrail-83.htm.

This implementation strategy is linked to 1.1.15 and 2.1.15.

Work under this Memorandum of Understanding leads to reductions of greenhouse gas emissions and air pollutants and contributes to Federal Sustainable Development Strategy Target 1.1 – Climate Change Mitigation and Target 2.1 – Air Pollutants.

2010 results published in Annual Report

Report published

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGY
Continue to support the MOU signed between Transport Canada and the Air Transport Association of Canada to reduce emissions of greenhouse gases from aviation sources. The agreement sets an annual fuel–efficiency target that will achieve a cumulative improvement in fuel efficiency of 24% by 2012, relative to 1990 levels. (TC)

2.1.2 ecoFreight

In 2005, Transport Canada and the Air Transport Association of Canada (ATAC) signed a Memorandum of Understanding to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from aviation sources. This Memorandum of Understanding set an annual average target of 1.1 percent fuel efficiency improvement, compared to a 1990 baseline with a cumulative improvement of 24 percent by 2012. This will be measured in litres of fuel per total Revenue Tonne–Kilometre (RTK) and fuel consumption per RTK. Canada was the first country to have such a voluntary initiative, involving both government and industry.

In 2008, the four largest passenger air carriers – Air Canada, Air Transat, Jazz Air LP, and WestJet – elected to leave ATAC, and formed a new trade association, the National Airlines Council of Canada (NACC). While no longer covered by the Memorandum of Understanding, these carriers have affirmed their continuing support of the agreement and its goals, and have assumed their responsibilities as set out in the agreement.

An annual report is prepared each year, describing the performance under the Memorandum of Understanding. The reports are available online at: http://www.tc.gc.ca/eng/programs/environment-ecofreight-about-voluntary-voluntaryagreementsair-82.htm.

Work under the Memorandum of Understanding leads to reductions of greenhouse gas emissions and contributes to the Federal Sustainable Development Strategy Target 1.1 – Climate Change Mitigation.

2010 results published in Annual Report

Report published

TBD

TBD

N/A

N/A

IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGY
Deliver extensive outreach under the ecoTRANSPORT Strategy to build knowledge and capacity for the adoption of emission–reducing technologies and practices. The majority of ecoTRANSPORT programs will end March 31, 2011.

2.1.2 ecoFreight
2.1.3 Clean Urban Transportation
2.1.4 Clean Vehicle

The ecoTRANSPORT Strategy is a four–year initiative (2007–2008 to 2010–2011), part of the ecoACTION programs to reduce GHG emissions and that can directly or indirectly contribute to air pollutant emissions reduction. Two programs of the strategy have been extended to 2011–2012: ecoMOBILITY and Marine Shore Power.

The ecoMOBILITY program aims to reduce emissions from urban passenger transportation by helping municipalities attract residents to less polluting forms of transportation. In its first four years, the ecoMOBILITY Program developed a number of tools to support Green Transportation Demand Management (TDM) project implementation, including the Canadian Transportation Demand Management Measurement Guidelines, a guide on Transportation Options for Small and Rural Communities, a Bike Sharing Guide, and the document Workplace Travel Plans: Guidance for Canadian Employers. The Program organized or sponsored learning events and activities for municipal Transportation Demand Management practitioners and decision–makers. These events increased the participants' knowledge to foster ongoing implementation and measurement of Transportation Demand Management policies and programs. Such events included webinars, sessions sponsored at conferences, case studies and issue papers, national meetings to advance the practice of Transportation Demand Management, and workshops for funding recipients to share results and knowledge of Transportation Demand Management.

During the last year of the program, the ecoMOBILITY projects with municipalities will be finalized, final reports will be reviewed, and the final stage of the measurement strategy will be initiated. Information on the results of projects funded under the program will be disseminated.

The Marine Shore Power program's objective is to improve air quality by reducing air emissions, particles and marine vessel stack smoke in some of Canada's largest urban centers by enabling ships to turn off their auxiliary diesel engines and reduce their emissions while docked and to connect to a city's electrical grid using specially designed equipment to power the ship's load (e.g. lighting, air conditioning, communication equipment etc.). In 2011–2012, the Marine Shore Power program will support the implementation of the Prince Rupert Port Authority project and begin to implement its program impacts measurement strategy. Information on the results of projects funded under the program will be disseminated.

This implementation strategy is linked to 2.1.16 and 2.1.22.1.

Work under the ecoTRANSPORT Strategy is aimed at reducing greenhouse gas emissions and indirectly contributes to reductions in air pollutant emissions, contributing to Federal Sustainable Development Strategy Target 1.1 – Climate Change Mitigation and Target 2.1 – Air Pollutants.

Dissemination of project results and information

Results and information on all projects funded under the program are disseminated

N/A as programs are sunsetting in 2011–2012

N/A as programs are sunsetting in 2011–2012

N/A as programs are sunsetting in 2011–2012

N/A as programs are sunsetting in 2011–2012

IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGY
Manage research and development, develop partnerships, support and/or conduct technology development (emerging and forward–looking) to improve energy efficiency and reduce emissions for surface, marine and air transportation. (TC)

1.4 Transportation Innovation

Transport Canada will support sustainable transportation research and development projects through the efforts of the Transportation Development Centre.

This implementation strategy is linked to 1.1.5, 2.1.2 and 3.8.10.

The research undertaken during the period will contribute to the mitigation of climate change, supporting Federal Sustainable Development Strategy Target 1.1 – Climate Change Mitigation.

Enhanced focus of the R&D efforts allocated to sustainable transportation activities

15% of the Transportation Development Centre's efforts allocated towards sustainable transportation priorities

Enhanced focus of the R&D efforts allocated to sustainable transportation activities

20% of the Transportation Development Centre's efforts allocated towards sustainable transportation priorities

Enhanced focus of the R&D efforts allocated to sustainable transportation activities

25% of the Transportation Development Centre's efforts allocated towards sustainable transportation priorities

IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGY
Undertake scientific research and reporting in support of regulatory and other programs delivered, including data analysis, inventory development, monitoring, modeling and assessment of the effectiveness of efforts as well as research on options, costs and benefits including economic and social and technology assessments. (EC, NRCan, HC, TC)

2.1 Clean Air from Transportation

Transport Canada works with partners to address data gaps with regard to transportation activity, energy use and related emissions for all modes.

Transport Canada develops and maintains a database of activity, fuel use, air pollutants and greenhouse gas emissions per mode for all modes of transportation. This information is used in the preparation of the 'Transportation in Canada' annual report. Under section 52 of the Canada Transportation Act, the Minister of Transport is required to prepare an annual report that provides a brief overview of the state of transportation in Canada. Every fifth year, this report is expanded to be more comprehensive in nature, to include additional information, such as the financial performance of each mode of transportation and its contribution to the Canadian economy and long–term outlook and trends in transportation in Canada.

With a view to addressing data gaps, Transport Canada has engaged in reviewing the Carriers and Transportation and Grain Handling Undertakings Information Regulations, which are in place today, but last reviewed in 1998. Section 50 of the Canada Transportation Act (amended in June 2007) has expanded the scope of the Minister's authority to collect information related to environmental issues, under the lens of national transportation policy development. Extensive consultations were conducted throughout 2009 and 2010 on the proposed regulations. The proposed regulations, published in the Canada Gazette, Part I on February 19, 2011, take a common, bottom–up approach, across all modes to measure greenhouse gas emissions.

Transport Canada assesses the economic and environmental costs and benefits of regulatory and non–regulatory initiatives.

Transport Canada supports sustainable transportation research and development projects through the efforts of the Transportation Development Centre and through various socio–economic studies.

This implementation strategy is linked to 1.1.5, 1.1.38 and 3.8.10.

The knowledge developed under this implementation strategy will contribute to a better understanding of the greenhouse gas and air pollutant emissions associated with transportation activities, which will contribute towards the Federal Sustainable Development Strategy Target 1.1 – Climate Change Mitigation and Target 2.1 – Air Pollutants. The research undertaken during the period will also contribute to Target 1.1 – Climate Change Mitigation and Target 2.1 – Air Pollutants.

Tabling of the 'Transportation in Canada' Annual Report in both Houses of Parliament

Annually, before the end of May

Adoption of the revised Carriers and Transportation and Grain Handling Undertakings Information Regulations

In the course of fiscal year 2011–2012

Enhanced focus of the R&D efforts allocated to sustainable transportation activities

TBD

Tabling of the 'Transportation in Canada' Annual Report in both Houses of Parliament

Annually, before the end of May

Enhanced focus of the R&D efforts allocated to sustainable transportation activities

TBD

Tabling of the 'Transportation in Canada' Annual Report in both Houses of Parliament

Annually, before the end of May

Enhanced focus of the R&D efforts allocated to sustainable transportation activities

TBD

IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGY
Develop emission regulations for Criteria Air Contaminants (CAC) for the rail sector under the Railway Safety Act to take effect in 2011, aligned with U.S. Environmental Protection Agency emissions standards. (TC)

2.1.1 Clean Air Regulatory Framework and Oversight

The Government of Canada is committed to regulating air emissions from locomotives, as stated in the October 21, 2006 Notice of Intent published in the Canada Gazette, Part I. Transport Canada will develop and implement new locomotive emission regulations, under the Railway Safety Act. Regulations to address emissions from locomotives in Canada will be developed in two phases:

1. Regulations aligned with existing U.S. air pollutant regulations, to be implemented in 2011; and,
2. Development of a regulatory framework to address greenhouse gas emissions, to be developed later in step with the U.S.

For more information on the proposed regulations, please see: www.tc.gc.ca/locomotive-emissions-locomotives.

This implementation strategy is linked to 1.1.15 and 2.1.15.

Once developed, the regulatory framework will lead to reductions of air pollutant emissions and greenhouse gas emissions and will contribute to the Federal Sustainable Development Strategy Target 1.1 – Climate Change Mitigation and Target 2.1 – Air Pollutants.

Publication of criteria air contaminants emission regulations in Canada Gazette, Part II

Criteria air contaminants emission regulations that align with the U.S. are published in Canada Gazette, Part II, in 2011

Entry into force

Criteria air contaminants emission regulations are implemented

Criteria air contaminants emission levels

Emissions of nitrogen oxides, particulate matter, hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide from regulated locomotives are reduced

IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGY
Continue to work with the United States and France to implement a designated Emission Control Area for North American coastal areas, under the auspices of the IMO, by 2012 (TC, EC).

2.1.1 Clean Air Regulatory Framework and Oversight

In March 2009, the International Maritime Organization adopted the North American Emission Control Area, which will limit the amount of sulphur in fuel used onboard vessels operating within 200 miles of the coastal areas of Canada and the United States (including St. Pierre et Miquelon, owned by France). Transport Canada is developing proposed amendments to the Regulations for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships and for Dangerous Chemicals under the Canada Shipping Act, 2001. These proposed amendments will implement the Canadian portion of the North American Emission Control Area.

This implementation strategy is linked to 2.1.14.

The implementation of regulations will reduce air pollutant emissions from marine shipping, supporting Federal Sustainable Development Strategy Target 2.1 – Air Pollutants.

Regulations to reduce emissions of sulphur oxides and nitrogen oxides are being developed

Publication in Canada Gazette, Part I

Regulations to reduce emissions of sulphur oxides and nitrogen oxides are in place

Publication in Canada Gazette, Part II, no later than August 1, 2012

Implementation of regulations

Begin monitoring compliance

Number of vessels in compliance

All vessels are in compliance with the regulations

IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGY
Develop enhanced emissions regulations under the Canada Shipping Act, 2001, for vessels operating in Canadian waters (TC).

2.1.1 Clean Air Regulatory Framework and Oversight

Transport Canada is adopting applicable international standards for air emissions from marine vessels developed by the International Maritime Organization's Marine Environment Protection Committee into its regulatory framework under the Canada Shipping Act, 2001. This includes the creation of an Emission Control Area for the coastal waters of North America in partnership with the United States and France.

Further, Transport Canada is developing domestic regulations to control air emissions for vessels operating on the inland waters of the Great Lakes and St. Lawrence Seaway System that will deliver the same emission standards as the Emission Control Area by 2020. Regulatory options for air emission standards on the Great Lakes and St. Lawrence Seaway System are currently being analyzed, with the aim of developing a regime that complements U.S. Environmental Protection Agency rules announced for the American sections of this shared waterway. Regulations for air emissions from ships will be brought into force under the Canada Shipping Act, 2001 by August 1, 2012

Coupled with developing these enhanced air emission regulations for marine shipping is a program to implement and enforce these regulations, which includes: technical guidelines on certifying equipment, inspector training, briefing classification societies (firms that survey and certify ships; see www.iacs.org.uk), communicating with firms subject to the regulations, and development of enforcement policy.

This implementation strategy is linked to 2.1.13.

The implementation of regulations will reduce air pollutant emissions from marine shipping, supporting Federal Sustainable Development Strategy Target 2.1 – Air Pollutants.

Regulations are developed

Publication in Canada Gazette, Part I

Compliance and enforcement program in development

Training and capacity in place

Regulations are in place

Publication in Canada Gazette, Part II, no later than August 1, 2012

Compliance and enforcement program developed

Training and capacity ongoing

Implementation of regulations

Begin monitoring compliance

Compliance and enforcement program developed

Training and capacity ongoing

IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGY
Continue to support a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) with the Railway Association of Canada that ensures the rail industry continues to improve emission performance during the 2006–2010 period. (EC, TC)

2.1.2 ecoFreight

In 2007, Transport Canada, Environment Canada and the Railway Association of Canada signed a Memorandum of Understanding, in force from 2006 to 2010, to reduce the emissions of greenhouse gas and criteria air contaminants from locomotives operating in Canada. The Memorandum of Understanding includes a commitment by Railway Association of Canada members to take action to reduce criteria air contaminant emissions through such measures as:

• purchasing new and lower–emitting locomotives;
• retiring 130 medium–horsepower locomotives built between 1973 and 1999; and
• upgrading medium–horsepower and high–horsepower locomotives built after 1972 to be lower emitting.

These are measured by the following performance indicators:

• number of new Environmental Protection Agency Tier 2 locomotives acquired;
• number of high–horsepower units upgraded to Environmental Protection Agency Tier 0 or Tier 1;
• number of medium–horsepower units upgraded to Tier Environmental Protection Agency Tier 0; and,
• number of 1973–1999 medium–horsepower units retired.

An annual report is prepared each year, describing the performance under the Memorandum of Understanding. The reports are available online at: http://www.tc.gc.ca/eng/programs/environment-ecofreight-about-voluntary-voluntaryagreementsrail-83.htm.

This implementation strategy is linked to 1.1.18 and 2.1.12.

The Memorandum of Understanding aims to reduce emissions of greenhouse gases and criteria air contaminants from locomotives operating in Canada, supporting Federal Sustainable Development Strategy Target 1.1 – Climate Change Mitigation and Target 2.1 – Air Pollutants.

2010 results published in Annual Report

Report published

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGY
ecoAction programs reduce GHG emissions and can directly or indirectly contribute to air pollutant emission reduction. (NRCan, TC, INAC)

2.1.2 ecoFreight
2.1.3 Clean Urban Transportation
2.1.4 Clean Vehicle

The ecoTRANSPORT strategy is a four–year initiative (2007–2008 to 2010–2011) part of the ecoACTION programs to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and that can directly or indirectly contribute to air pollutant emission reduction. Two programs of the strategy have been extended to 2011–2012: ecoMOBILITY and Marine Shore Power.

The ecoMOBILITY program aims to reduce emissions from urban passenger transportation by helping municipalities attract residents to less polluting forms of transportation. In 2011–2012, projects with municipalities will be finalized, final reports will be reviewed and final stage of the program measurement strategy will be initiated to measure the impact of the program on energy consumption or greenhouse gas or criteria air contaminants from transportation. The program is forecasting a greenhouse gas reduction of 0.11 Mt in 2012.

The Marine Shore Power program's objective is to improve air quality by reducing air emissions, particles and marine vessel stack smoke in some of Canada's largest urban centers by enabling ships to turn off their auxiliary diesel engines and reduce their emissions while docked and to connect to a city's electrical grid using specially designed equipment to power the ship's load (e.g. lighting, air conditioning, communication equipment etc.).

The Marine Shore Power program provided funding to Port Metro Vancouver for the Canada Place project, the third cruise ship shore power project in the world and the first of its kind in Canada and selected a second project, the Prince Rupert Port Authority's Fairview Terminal project to provide shore power capacity to container ships.

In 2011–2012, the Marine Shore Power program will support the implementation of the Prince Rupert Port Authority project. This project will promote greener freight transportation alternatives for Canadians and significantly improve local air quality. The program will also begin to implement its program impacts measurement strategy. The program is expected to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by .008 Mt in 2012.

This implementation strategy is linked to 1.1.35.1 and 2.1.22.1.

Work under the ecoTRANSPORT Strategy is aimed at reducing greenhouse gas emissions and indirectly contributes to reductions in air pollutant emissions, contributing to Federal Sustainable Development Strategy Target 1.1 – Climate Change Mitigation and Target 2.1 – Air Pollutants.

Change in greenhouse gas emissions

Greenhouse gas emissions decrease of 0.12 Mt

Change in pollutant emissions

Project funded under the programs have reduced their pollutant emissions

N/A as programs are sunsetting in 2011–2012

N/A as programs are sunsetting in 2011–2012

N/A as programs are sunsetting in 2011–2012

N/A as programs are sunsetting in 2011–2012

IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGY
Deliver extensive outreach under the ecoTRANSPORT Strategy to build knowledge and capacity for the adoption of emission–reducing technologies and practices. The majority of ecoTRANSPORT programs will end March 31, 2011. (TC)

2.1.2 ecoFreight
2.1.3 Clean Urban Transportation
2.1.4 Clean Vehicle

The ecoTRANSPORT Strategy is a four–year initiative (2007–2008 to 2010–2011) part of the ecoACTION programs to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and that can directly or indirectly contribute to air pollutant emission reduction. Two programs of the strategy have been extended to 2011–2012: ecoMOBILITY and Marine Shore Power.

The ecoMOBILITY program aims to reduce emissions from urban passenger transportation by helping municipalities attract residents to less polluting forms of transportation. During the last year of the program, the ecoMOBILITY projects with municipalities will be finalized, final reports will be reviewed and final stage of the program measurement strategy will be initiated. Information on the results of projects funded under the program will be disseminated.

The Marine Shore Power program's objective is to improve air quality by reducing air emissions, particles and marine vessel stack smoke in some of Canada's largest urban centers by enabling ships to turn off their auxiliary diesel engines and reduce their emissions while docked and to connect to a city's electrical grid using specially designed equipment to power the ship's load (e.g. lighting, air conditioning, communication equipment etc.). In 2011–2012, the Marine Shore Power program will support the implementation of the Prince Rupert Port Authority project and begin to implement its program impacts measurement strategy. Information on projects funded under the program will be disseminated.

This implementation strategy is linked to 1.1.35.1 and 2.1.16.

Work under the ecoTRANSPORT Strategy is aimed at reducing greenhouse gas emissions and indirectly contributes to reductions in air pollutant emissions, contributing to Federal Sustainable Development Strategy Target 1.1 – Climate Change Mitigation and Target 2.1 – Air Pollutants.

Dissemination of project results and information

Results and information on all projects funded under the program are disseminated

N/A as programs are sunsetting in 2011–2012

N/A as programs are sunsetting in 2011–2012

N/A as programs are sunsetting in 2011–2012

N/A as programs are sunsetting in 2011–2012

IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGY
Support the design, manufacture and sale of fuel–efficient, light–duty motor vehicles to promote energy efficiency. (TC)

2.1.4 Clean Vehicle

Transport Canada's ecoTECHNOLOGY for Vehicles program helped to reduce the environmental impacts of passenger vehicles by addressing and where possible helping to mitigate barriers to the latest clean vehicle technologies becoming available safely and quickly in Canada. The program did this by working with manufacturers to acquire and test new passenger vehicle technologies in Canada and harnessing the information to foster their introduction.

The ecoTECHNOLOGY for Vehicles program, part of the 4–year ecoTRANSPORT Strategy, concluded in 2010–2011.

For more information, please visit: http://www.tc.gc.ca/eng/programs/environment-etv-menu-eng-118.htm.

No relationship has been provided as this program concluded in 2010–2011.

N/A as programs are sunsetting in 2010–2011

N/A as programs are sunsetting in 2010–2011

N/A as programs are sunsetting in 2010–2011

N/A as programs are sunsetting in 2010–2011

N/A as programs are sunsetting in 2010–2011

N/A as programs are sunsetting in 2010–2011