MxV, formerly the Transportation Technology Centre, Inc. (TTCI), under the support of Transport Canada (TC), conducted a literature review and gap analysis of the railway technologies for extreme cold climatic conditions. This report summarizes the literature review and gap analysis for railway technologies research topics identified, prioritized, and recommended by the Project Steering Committee and in consultation with stakeholders and technical experts through the Canadian Railway Research & Advisory Board (RRAB). These included several focal areas including wayside inspection systems and machine vision/automated inspection systems, rail performance and integrity, air brake systems performance and integrity/distributed power, subgrade soil/permafrost performance and integrity, seasonal freeze heave/thaw softening, permanent permafrost thawing, wheel performance and integrity, tie plate icing, switch performance, and autonomous track geometry measurement system (ATGMS).