Transport Publication 4958E
Simulated Electronic Navigation – Refresher Training
5.1 Purpose
To establish continued professional competence as required under STCW regulation I/11.
5.2 Scope
The course covers components of SEN 1 and SEN 2 courses, for which STCW Code, Table A-II/1, A-II/2 and A- II/3 indicate mandatory simulator-based training.
5.3 Wording on Training Certificate
Wording on Training Certificate issued after completion of Refresher Training (ARPA):
SIMULATED ELECTRONIC NAVIGATION – REFRESHER TRAINING (ARPA)
(Type of Training or Course)
IN ACCORDANCE WITH STCW CODE A-II/1, A-II/2 AND A-II/3
(Description of the Level of Accepted Training or Approved Course of Study)
5.4 Course Outline
K = Knowledge; V = Viva-Voce; A = Application
| TOPICS AND LEARNING OBJECTIVES | Compliance through | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| K | V | A | |
| 1. Radar Plotting Techniques | |||
| 1.1 Use plotting sheet to construct the relative motion triangle and identify the sides and angles. | x | ||
| 1.2 Determine course, speed and aspect of other ships from relative plots. | x | ||
| 1.3 Determine CPA and TCPA from relative plots. | x | ||
| 1.4 Determine changes in CPA and TCPA resulting from alteration of course or speed of own ship or target ship. | x | ||
| 1.5 Using relative plot, determine the alteration of course or speed needed to achieve a required CPA. | x | ||
| 1.6 Detect alteration of course or speed of a target and determine the alteration from a plot. | x | ||
| 2. Introduction to ARPA | |||
| 2.1 Outline the IMO performance standards for ARPA. | x | x | |
| 2.2 Describe the different methods of displaying information. | x | x | |
| 2.3 Describe the different ways in which targets may be acquired. | x | x | |
| 2.4 Describe the requirements for acquisitions and tracking of targets. | x | x | |
| 2. Introduction to ARPA (Continued)
2.5 Describe the operational warnings required. |
x | x | |
| 2.6 List the data, which should be available in alphanumeric form. | x | x | |
| 2.7 Explain that the accuracy standards for ARPA are based on sensor errors for equipment compliant with IMO performance standards. | x | x | |
| 2.8 State performance standards for gyro and log inputs. | x | x | |
| 2.9 State performance standards for radar range, bearing accuracy and radar discrimination. | x | x | |
| 3. Acquisition of Targets | |||
| 3.1 Explain how ARPA acquires a target. | x | ||
| 3.2 State that the criteria for automatic selection of targets is provided in the operator’s manual. | x | x | |
| 3.3 Describe the criteria used for manual acquisition of targets. | x | x | |
| 3.4 Explain that the number of targets that may be acquired is limited. | x | x | |
| 3.5 Explain that targets not posing a potential threat should be deleted from the tracker register if the limit for the number of acquired targets has been reached. | x | ||
| 3.6 Explain that target acquisition may be suppressed over certain areas and state when suppression should be used. | x | ||
| 3.7 Explain the limitations of guard rings. | x | ||
| 4. Tracking Capabilities and Limitations | |||
| 4.1 Describe how a target is tracked by ARPA. | x | ||
| 4.2 Explain that an acquired target may be lost if its echo fades temporarily. | x | ||
| 4.3 Describe the circumstances leading to “target swap.” | x | ||
| 4.4 Describe the effect of target swap on displayed data. | x | ||
| 4.5 Explain why there is a delay in the display of processed data after target acquisition. | x | ||
| 4.6 Explain the delay in the generation of new data when the target ship maneuvers. | x | ||
| 4.7 State that the full accuracy of derived information may not be attained for up to three minutes after acquisition or target maneuver. | x | ||
| 5. ARPA Displays | |||
| 5.1 Demonstrate the special features found in ARPA. | x | ||
| 5.2 Select an appropriate display presentation considering the required task and current situation. | x | x | |
| 5.3 Adjust the radar controls for the optimum display of echoes. | x | ||
| 5.4 Explain how derived information differs depending on whether the sea stabilized mode or the ground-stabilized mode is used. | x | x | |
| 5.5 Check that speed and heading inputs are functioning correctly for intended use of ARPA:
Navigation. Collision avoidance. |
x | ||
| 5.6 Select the appropriate orientation and mode for the circumstances. | x | ||
| 5.7 Select an appropriate time scale for vectors or graphics to produce the information required. | x | ||
| 5.8 Demonstrate the use of manual acquisition to select and monitor critical targets. | x | ||
| 5.9 Demonstrate the use of automatic acquisition and exclusion areas. | x | ||
| 5.10 Explain the use of echo referencing in the true motion mode. | x | ||
| 6. Target Information | |||
| 6.1 Use display in true and relative modes and demonstrate the use of true and relative vectors in each mode. | x | ||
| 6.2 Demonstrate the benefits of switching between true and relative vectors. | x | ||
| 6.3 Explain the display of PPC and PAD graphics. | x | x | |
| 6.4 Discuss PAD graphics. | x | ||
| 6.5 Explain how past positions of tracked targets are displayed. | x | x | |
| 6.6 Explain the limitations of trial maneuvers. | x | ||
| 6.7 Demonstrate the setting and acknowledgment of operational warnings. | x | ||
| 6.8 Describe the benefits and limitations of operational warnings. | x | ||
| 7. Interpretation Errors | |||
| 7.1 Explain that the incorrect interpretation of ARPA can lead to dangerous misunderstanding of the traffic situation. | x | ||
| 7.2 Explain that the interpretation of vectors in the wrong format is a common error. | x | ||
| 7.3 Check information from vectors with numeric display. | x | ||
| 7.4 Explain that a lost target, which is subsequently re-acquired, may temporarily show a course and speed suggesting an alteration when none has occurred. | x | ||
| 7.5 Explain that the PAD and PPC graphics displayed apply only to own ship and targets and do not indicate mutual threats between targets. | x | ||
| 7.6 State that the track line between the target and the PAD is not an indicator of target speed. | x | ||
| 7.7 Assess history displays, changing radar mode and vector presentation. | x | ||
| 7.8 State that a change of direction in the relative history display does not necessarily imply that the target has altered course. | x | ||
| 8. Errors in Displayed Data | |||
| 8.1 State that errors in bearing can be generated in the radar installation. | x | ||
| 8.2 State that errors in range can be generated in a radar. | x | ||
| 8.3 Explain that own ship alteration of course may temporarily produce unreliable indications because of the ARPA smoothing filter. | x | ||
| 8.4 State that errors will be introduced by inputs from gyro and log. | x | ||
| 8.5 Describe the effects of heading and speed errors on derived information. | x | ||
| 8.6 State that the smoothness of the displayed true history track gives some indication of satisfactory tracking by ARPA. | x | ||
| 9. System Operational Tests | |||
| 9.1 Use system of self-diagnostic routines and recognize their limitations. | x | x | |
| 9.2 Use ARPA test program to check performance against known solutions. | x | ||
| 9.3 Check performance, including trial maneuver by manual plotting. | x | ||
| 9.4 State action to take after ARPA malfunction. | x | x | |
| 10. Obtaining Information from ARPA Displays | |||
| 10.1 Demonstrate ability to obtain information in both true and relative modes. | x | ||
| 10.2 Identify critical targets. | x | ||
| 10.3 Obtain relative courses and speeds of targets. | x | ||
| 10.4 Obtain CPA and TCPA of targets. | x | ||
| 10.5 Obtain true courses and speeds of targets. | x | ||
| 10.6 Interpret displays of past positions to detect change in course or speed of target. | x | ||
| 10.7 Operate trial maneuver facility to check validity of intended alteration of course or speed. | x | ||
| 10.8 Analyze displayed situation and determine and execute action to avoid a close quarter situation. | x | x | |
| 10.9 Monitor subsequent situation and resume original course and speed when safe to do so. | x | ||
| 11. Over Reliance on ARPA | |||
| 11.1 State that the use of ARPA does not relieve the officer of the watch from the need to comply with basic principles in keeping a navigational watch. | x | x | |
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